145 10 9669 https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/660819a9f7710dd6832833ebc2b45e0f.jpg 2cf521b6b84d132d518c52b9d299e988 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Six Women Watching Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2024 Description An account of the resource I created this piece with the idea of portraying how women interact through glances, even without words. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olivia Huebner Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Held by creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Collage https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/ed49954c7b0fb8e077918b5a8bef2588.jpg 04fdd22a1070d203f240852c9bf5db4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LibArt 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Self Portrait Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olivia Iversen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource held by creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Reduction linograph print https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/90098ebd9a3071d9f3250bdb4f09a6a6.jpg 8cf95739f744f3e93f483adc8a4732fd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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Title A name given to the resource Feline Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olivia Iversen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource held by creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Linograph print https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/0ef23041ec8cd0d783d992baf5eb5c90.jpg d5ebe086f74ece3f75cbf1894d1d73ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LibArt 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Born and Raised Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olivia Iversen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource held by creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Monotype print https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/211aec33f08e8346da22b4b2ed05a0f3.jpg 8b0b37f7a310dc258c31ccd04d70e807 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LibArt 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource “Nine Ways of Looking at a Bluebird” Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olivia Iversen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource held by creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Gouache, mixed media https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/d0bf7ee07d438dc8b7af74b42ac78a94.pdf 7b573c4f7c077c4dc8581d00971726ea PDF Text Text �3 HOW TO STUDY k AND d k & T? % WRITE 3 GOOD LETTES, ) & A PPLIC4TIONS, COMPOSITIONS, & c!! id 3 3 3fI 3 3 )& k TELEGRAMS, AGREEMENTS, BETTER SENTENCES IPORTANT LETTERS, -% y;( SPEAKING IN PUBLIC 3 7 3 G4bQD EJWGLISH 3 % =if 3 7 3 % 9 3 AND TEACH YOURSELF -- -- - $I k k - BY WILFRED ONWUKA -- k k k - & & k k & r 4 PRICE 316 Net 3, 4 kfFfF"ARAARFFFVFFF3 �OBTAINABLE FROM 6 E B 0 BROTHERS S. 4, No. 11 MAIN MARKET, ONITSHA. STUDENTS' OWN BOOKSHO'P No. 17 BRIGHT STREET, ONITSHA. �PREFACE This text book captioned 'New Grammar Book' is indeed very interesting to read. My principal aim in producing the book is to contribute my quota towards the educational building, progress and development of Nigeria and the world in general. There is no doubt that a student will achieve a rapid improvement, if he follows the example laid down in this book. The book is constructed for senior primary and students in the secondary schools. It is also useful to the students in the Teacher's Training Colleges and other general readers. To be candid, it is a book for all ages. WILFRED ONWUKA (Author, Compositor, Poet Novelist and Dramatist) (Master of Pen) �CONTENTS What is a letter How to write ordinary letters Warning and legal notice Business letters Applications Specimen of an application Love letters Composition Kinds of eassays Agreements Telegrams Part I Contents verbs Means of transport Lessons To come, to go, 10walk; to run, to ride, etc. To find, to found To discover, to invent, to explore To learn, to find out, to know To drown, to be drowned, to sink, to float To be born to die, to be dead To say, to tell To hear, to listen to To catch, to take, to obtain, to receive 41 44 46 48 51 52 55 58 60 �what ji a Tettei? 'A 'letter is a written or printed message from one to another. How many kinds of letters have we. There are five main kinds ol' letters. Name them: 1 Ordinary letter 2 Business letters 3 Application letters 4 Love letters 5 Letters of protest. How to write ordinary letters To construct ordinary letter, one must get one's point ready and arrange them paragraph by paragraph. For you to understand what I am saying below is a. typical example. Here is a letter from a person to his sister advising her to be careful about what he described as 'Modern Boys'. When writing an ordinary letter write your address at the risht and at end of the letter, sign or write your name in full. No. 10 Ukpor Street, Fegge.Onitsha. 7th November, 1962. Dear Sister Joan, To be candid, I would have written to you since, but owing to the fact that I have so many commitment, that kept me busy, I was accurately unable to do so. Indeed, what prompt me most to lift upmy pen to write this letter is one dangerous and risky rumour that I have been hearing about you. The rumour which wasconfirmed by many people claimed that you are the comforter of 'Modern Boys'. The rumour further clalmed that .your house over there has been turned into a complete boarder. Joan remember that one does good for himself �,and at-tin:es, . d~ei'for.ihe.:mn . sneself.-4s from ysur -childhoodi!J have. been i.giving'iyou' this: parti;cula&advice; :but,you do.: not .seem t o . understand me.' You are fair in so many thing+but you like 'The Game of Love' most in your life. That is one thing which is wrong with you. Do not forget 'that it was the reason whyyou did not marry immediately you' left the elementary school. You could remember that a wealthy and well educated )oung man who came t o narry vou heard of it and :ran. away viithout turning back, yet you do not care to repent. After those events. I spent a lot to see thatyou are employed as a school teacher,. so ' t h a t x p u could earn money. and stop all those ugly things, now the .fair situation 'is just like a battle tield of armed. forces. Please, my sis:er if you know that y w will marry at all in your life, stop 'all those illegal love deal, hence it ha brought your name to the ,public ridicule. odium and contempt, 'Beware of modern Boys'. They have: dangerous plans that .'is always 'capable of bringinz dangerous results. Ttiose type o f crooks wouldrnot mind: toy spend heavily in order, to get somejne. .The,headmaster. of your school also wrote me sayingthe.sahe.thing which others said and that made me to believe. I ' ' At pesent time I do not intcnd to inform our father ,about this serious matter, until 1 see that.there is no change in your character. Try to change because everything has its own specific times and you will be tired whea time for that comes. I should also like to know about your savings. How much is your money in the bank? I put this question, to you because 1 learnt that you have so many / uniforms, golden earrings and costly footwears. Therafore, I am suspecting that you have no rea- �sonable and fabulous accounts i n the hank. If you have, pardon me because of my wrong assumption but, in case you have none, try to have. Next year, yoo will he going to training, so as to qualify as a higher elementary teacher, then money will be needed for that period. Though I am to contribute a lot, yet, that is no licence for you to suffer from squandermenia. Frankly speaking, the day I will see a change in your character I will be a red letter day in the history of my life. Watch me, whenever you see me mishehavinp, criticised and correct me as I have just done. Thanks in advance. Yours dearest brother, Rufus Odogho. Miss Mabel Obi, Box 18, Nnewi. After completing A letter, put it in an envelope and post it at the Post Office. Do not forget to affix a 3d stamp and in case of a registered letter which will be claimed within Nigeria. But if on the other hand, it happened to be an overseas letters claimable outside Nigeria, the stamp of one shilling will be used if such letter is going by sea mail. Subsequently, any overseas registered must bear a stamp of one shilling and nine pence. �Remember to draw,,two ,opposi&...pqjnllel ::lints ., . 'both a t t b e back and the face of the e n d o p r , con. jtaining the'letter. The two lines will form :our angiis, and each edge will be 900. After registering a icttcr be sure that you are given a receipt by the post Office clerk. Do not miss the receipt hence t h ~ \onsequence is obvious. .Below is an example of registered letter from a trader to his overseas customer warning him to ship his goods to him, immediately. Messrs AS. E. Onwuka & Sons, No. 90 Moore Street, Onitsha/Nigeria. .2nd November, 1964. Mcssrs Hebu Trading Corporation, P. 0. Box 4486, Kober Japan. Dear Sirs, R~gistered Our Order of Toy Pistol No. 24 We are deeply concerned over the. extremely long delay in the ,shipment our of order of toy pistol No. 24 of 1964. Asa matter of fact. we see no reason why you should be delaying theshipment of our order. You have shipped. those ordered by our competitors to them, while' you know properly that we booked our own order before.them, you deliberately refused to ship our goods to us. When we were booking the order, we wrote and informed you' that it is a seasonal goods and that after the Christmas period. none o f ' it could be .sold. Following that,. you acknowledged the receipt'of the letter and assured us tbat the article should be shipped t o . us to the middle of November, so that we could be, selling it . before' the Christmas ' day. None of . these 8 �promises has been fufilled. rhey are rather fake and base ess. After a long delay i n the shipment of the ordera we wrote many reminded letters to you asking you to ship the order to us, but you did not even care to reply those letters. At present time, others are selling their articles but ours is no wtere to be found. You want to push us into a beavy loss. WARNING & LEGAL NOTICE Notice is hereby given to you that if you fail to ship our goods on or before 14th November 1964, a well democratic and instituted legal court action will br instituted against you. We have handed over all necessary documents to our solicitor' for close study. You are playing with our business including yours because, if you had shipped the order early, we would have opened another L/C in your favour. Take notr that we will be claiming the actual cost price of the goods including the selling profit from you. We wait to see. Yours faithfully, A. E. Onwuka. for - -.............".......... ............. ............,.. .... ...... Manager. - s. 9d. Messrs Hebu 'Trading Co., P. 0.Box 4486, Kober Japan. Diagram showing the specimen of an envelope of a registered letter. This is an oversea letter and it bears 1/9d stamp. The letter is to go by air mail. �REPLY. Messrs Hebe Trading Corporation, P. 0. Box 4486, Kober Japan. Messrs A. E. Owuka & Sons, No. 1 Moore Street, OnitshaINigeria. Dear Sirs, REGISTERED With reference to your registered letter to us dated 2nd January 1964, we hereby assure you that yoor articles and goods have been shipped to you and they are likely to land at the Port Harcourt Harbour at about 14th November 1964. The failure of our machine during the working period made it impossible for us to comply with the promise given to you, but now, all is alright. We do not intend to enter into legal hdttle with you, hence we know that we are wrong. Please suspend all about cmrt action because at the circumstances surrounding the event can be described as an "Act of God" and nobody is to be blamed. To assure you that we are frank and candid we enclose here with all necessary documents that would enable you to clear the goods with most easiness. Yours faithfully, For, Hebu Trading Corporation ..................................... .... ...."..Mr. Okey Acha, Director of Business ? . - Here' again is an example of an ordinary letter. It is from a girl to her brother requesting him to send her school fees. ' �CInitshrGirls' 3choo1, P. 0. Box 7, Onitshs. I st Decen~ber1964, My dear brother, I am writing this 'letter with heavy tears in my eyes and a great sorrow in my lieart. This is. because I am driven out of our school by our headma;ter owing to the fact that I have not pqid the school fees. The amount of scnool fees is (£2) two pounds, per quarter. He, the headmaster warned me to Fay my school fces before December 7, 1964 less my position will be given to another fellow. Please, my brother kindly send me the school fees before this given time so tbat I will be re-admitted in the class. Our final examination is now approaching and all classes are now making an intensive revisions, over their previous lessons. If I miss this revision, it all means I hat I will fai! the examination and repeat Standard Eve next ytar which is uot a good economic dceisisn. How about Hope, Ngozi, Chida and Mabel. I am with all aod every hope that they are well just as I am over here. Hoping to hear from you in few days, I wish the Yours Sisterly, Joy Obi. Mr. Emeka Obi, Box 646, Onitsha. �FAVOURABLE REPLY Box 646, Onitsha. 5th December 1964 Dear Sister, I enclose here with ( t 2 : 10s) two pounds ten shillings Postal Order No .... .. payable to you. Draw it out and pay the school fees with (£2) two pounds, use the remaining (IOs) ten shillings as your pocket money. Ctudy very hard so that you will catch up. At any rate, I know that you are very intellipent and that you must surely succeed. We are all well. Yours brotherly, Emeka Obi. Miss Joy Obi. 0. G. S., Onitsha. Never you leave any stone untouched when ' writing any ordinary letter explain yourself properly and simply, so that the reader will immediately understand you. Avoid the use of bombastic words, because by doing so you make yourself a fool. BUSINESS LETTERS Business is one's profession. In doing business one normally write some letters and those documents are known as business letters. As we all know, there are different types or kinds of business. When drafting business letters, one says simply and in the most obvious understandable form. Here is an example o f a business letter. Mesm Rufus Odogbo Trading Co., P. 0. Box 646, Onitsha-Nigeria, 6th March, 1964. 12 �Mrssrs Willg d Co. Trading Corporation, No, 2, Journey Street, England. Dear Sirs, DIAMOND TOURCH LIGHT We thank you for your letter dated 22nd February 1964. Weregret to say that the price of 519d which you quoted as the most competentive price of diamond tourch light is too dear comparing with the present market price over here. So consider and ship tbe goods to us at net price of 2s 9d a dozen. DIAMOND TOURCH BATTERY :- Subsquently please give us your samples and most competentive price of Diamond Tourch Batteries. So that we will consider and book orders from you. Frankly speaking we are very anxious to establish goods and reasonable business relationship with you provided tbat you would welcome us. As of us. We are not sample mongers, but true importers and exporters of general merchandise. HAND BRAND LAMP: We have today agreed to your quoted price of £5 10s. (five pounds ten shim llings.) Again, we have deposited the sum of 565 (sixty five pounds) with the Bank of West Africa in your favour, being the amount of PIC. SHIPPING: Please ship the goods to arrive at the Port Harcourt wharf between the months of September and October 1964. PACKING: Park three doxen into one carton, and four cartons in a wooden case. �MARKINGS: A t each of the four corners of any of the case, mark t e word "Lamp & Glass Handle With Care." We demand this so as to avoid careless handling at the wharf. We also demand that each .tamp should be wrapped with c tton wool to avoid any damage to the lamp globe. The initials of our name "R. 0 T. C." should be marked at the case. NECESSARY DOCUMENTS: Dispatch all necessary the documents cdn'lrected u i ~ h goods to us immtdia. tely. The documents will he1p.u~ to clear the goods with easiness cn arrival. Your immediate attendan e to our orders will be highly appreciated. We are anxiously waiting lo hear from you soonest possible. Thanks in advance. Yours faithfully, For, Rufus Odogbo Tgadinp Crmpany Ltd. REPLY Messrs Willv Trading Co. :Yo. 2 Jocrney Street, London. 11th March 1964. Messrs Rufus Odogbo, Trading Company Ltd., P. 0. Box 646, Onitsha-Nigeria. Dear Sirs, We are in receipt of your letter dated 4th March 1964. And submit that the prices of 2/9d which you offered to pay in respect of dianond torch lights is considerably ton low, comparing with our cost of production. We will be unable to ship the goods to you at that low rate. �However, in view of future-business relationship and transation, we have oonsidered to raduce the amount to 3s per dozen instead of 5s 9s. Our motto you to scli it is "LIVE AND LET LIVE' so we w s ~ t with prcfit and that is why ' we have made tais fantasti- reduction. HAND BRAND L M : A PWe have s h ip p e d your order on this item. Secondly, we have complied with your advice and instructions coocerning shipping, packing of the goods and marks on the case. NECESSARY DOCUMENT:We enclose herewith important and relevant documents t h a t could help you to clear the goods e a d y . We ere therefore waiting to obtain your favourable reply. Yours faithfully S~gned ...... ........ ...... blaoager. for Willy & Co. Trading Co. A company or a firm is not bound to accept he price quoted by his custo Tiers. TIk company has all and every right to offer the price which she has to pay. When writing business letters try to difinite the item you wish to order properly so that your customers will understand you. If you make a mistake, when quoting article or invoice number, it could lead to a serious mistake and such mistakes are capable of bringing fantastic loss of money, "Beware of overseas crooks" When doing business, always examine all invoize or letter sent to you by thcm. Some crookish film would not mind to qllote an aricle to a customer and finally ship another thmg to him. If this is don? by your customers, write :nd register a letter of protest to tbe cosmercial jepartmeot of oJr government. informin!: them of the incident and at the same time, requesting her to help you state your case before the Government of thq firm concerned. Try to surrey such goods with a licenced surveyor 7. �APPLICATIONS An application is a closed though or attention. On the other hand it can be described as a request letter. We have employment applicaticns and so many other types. Specimen of an application Umu-Ana-Edo Electrical Establishment 30A, Iweka Road, Onitsha--Nigeria. 131h February, 1964. Rufos Odogbo, Trading Company, Box 646, Onitsha. Dear Sirs, 1 have the honour to apply to the post of a sales clerk at the office of your company near in the Enugu, having. seen t'l : 4 1I S :n 1 Daily Times Issue of 12th February, 1964. Aged 10 years. I am a holder of R. S. A. Certificate in more than 10 subjects. I have served for years under tbe U. A. C. of Nigeria but owing to the fact that my salary was not so sufficient, 1 have no alternative than to resign. I Schooled at the Prince Commercial Onitsha. I attended a special cause on importing, exporting business, management, commerce, economics, Arithmetic, Book-keeping and Accountancy. If my apphcation is considered and approved I assure you that I would be a valuable and good asset in your office. Also I promise to be loyal and obedient towards my senior officers. Subsequently I will be careful, pain staking and energetic during the performances of all the duties assigned to me. 16 �With all and every hope, that you:. will fayour-. able give m y applicatinn - a-dui- coiiiiirwafion. The Manager, R. 0 T. C . . 4 Oeuta Road, Onitsha. I remain, Yours obediently, Peter Obi Oowuka. FAYOURABLE REPLY Rufus Odogbo Trading Company. Box 646, Onitsha 14th February 1964 Pe:er Onwuha, Um71.Ana. Edo Electrical Establishment 30A Iweka Road, Onitsha. Dear Sir, Your application dated 13th February was received considered and finally approved. We need your service as contained in your application provided that you will always adhere t o our rules, regulations and ordinances. Therefore, you are invited to an interview a t the Manager's office, No. 4 Oguta Road, Onitsha by 10 a. m. Your are also requested to produce all materials for writing. including ink and pen when coming. Take note that if you happen to succeed in the test to be given to you, salary of (£18: 10s) eighteen pouods ten shillings is to be paying to you monthly, but if you damage any of the Company's 17 �propertv you have to bear such r i s k Thanks in advance. Yours fa~thful, Signed: M. P. Okenwa. Manager. for 'Rufus Odogbo Trading Company OF-' asset, Here again is snother application from some m e requesting to be admitted a s 2 member of the Dynamic Party of Nigeria. No. 2 Ehi Road, Aba, 20th Avril 1964. Tile Secre a r y Gereral, Dyarnic P ~ r t y Nigeria, of dox 388, Onitsha. Dear sir, A application to be admitted as a member of the n Dynamic Party of Nigeria. I, Raphael Onwuka, whose name and signature appears below desire to be admitted as a member of the Dynamic Party of Nigeria Formerly I was a member of Nigeria Peoples, Party but owing to the f a t that, that Party is foundalistic and squandamenic, I resigned from it. If my application is approved and I happen to be a member, I swear to abide w ~ t hthe rules. regulations and ordinances governing the Party. 1 will also contribute my quota towards the Liberation of Africa and her Unity. �1 enclose here with the sum .oi 11. for, the purchase of membersh~pcard and . + n o t h e ~ y u mof (C2) , tb.'hejp to , $ i t pounds hiins 'v6iu"ta'ry..:'.do;i<ti'dh. increas'e the fund of the' party. Long live the party. Long live the fatherland. Yours in comradeship, Mr. Raphel Onwuka. FAVCURABLE REPLY The Secretarv General. Dynamic paicy .of. ~ i g e r i a Box 388. 'Onitsha. 23rd April, 1961 Raphel Qnwuka, 2 Ehi Road, . Aba. Dear Sir. ' . . , .. With reference to .your 'appli&ion . dated 20th April 1963, I h a v e to inform you that you are now edmitted as a member of theDynamic Party. Subject to the following conditions: 1 That you should .abide with the rule, regulations and ordinances of Dynamic 'Party. 2 That you should always abide with the decision of the.elected central executive committee of the Party - 3 That you should always .respect the. leader of the Party aud assist him in 'waging relentles..* war against bribery, nepotism and sq:~andermenia other of . . Nigeria -Political Parties. 4 That y o u will bz ready to serve' Africa bdth during the time of peace and, war, and. secondly help 'the. sanie :Africa" to gain her economic freedom. ' ' �If you know that you will fulfil these conditions, proceed on 28th April, 1964 to fill your membership card. I remain, Yours faithfully, S. E. Okeke. Signed for, Secretary General of Dynamic Party of Nigeria. Long live the party!! Long live the fatherland!!! When writing an application, try to explain your qualication very clearly and at the same time express what you could be able to .do if your application is considered and approved. This if done, .will help the person or firm to whom the application is being sent to understand the contents and, thereby know where to start and what to reply you. Important: LOVE UTTERS The word ''Love" means fondness, Pre-eminent kindness benevolence, leverential regard or the object of affection. Then love letter means a messive letter or document showing o r containing the above mentioned words, or phrases. When playing the game of love, the people in the field d o write letters, and such letters are known as ''Love Letter". Below is an example o r specimen of a love letter. The letter is from Esther Onye appealing to Gabriel Chukus to fall in love with her. �Holy Rosary. School -0-nitslia, 17th' February,' 1962: Dear swcet honey, Application to be in love with you I, Esther Onye, whose signature and n a ~ appear e below desire to be your lover. Born in the year 1944;I am a student of Holy Rosary School; Onitsha. At present time. I am in class four.. Yellow in comp'exion, I am bold, beautiful, attractive and posses pood and reasonable chap. In 1960, I . won th:: contest of Miss Africa beauty competition. Thus I won Miss Africa in 1660. . If you agree to be in love with me, I assure you that I must be comforting you always. Subsequently, I must try to satisfy your requirements and keep you absolutely happy.. Take note that as a good lover, I would not like you to give me any. thing or spend on my behalf.rather.1 will be spending on your behalf. I am anxiogsly ,waiting to hear from you soonest possible. Your dearest love. Esther Onye. Mr. G. E. Chuks, Box 6. REPLY P. .O. Box 6. Onitsha 20th 'January, 1962. Dear Esther, Your lovely letter dated 17th January 1962 was received with great thanks. It was when I received your letter that I knew that you have interest in me. �As of lover a Modern Girl, I bave accepted your love applicatior~. Even, 1 am ready to spend on you and if time permits, you will be the mother of my future children. Therefore, 1 invite you to come on Monday by 3 o'clock p. m. in my house for the game of lote to touch all parts nf the body but not to interco~rse with n y lovrr hence such practice usually result pregnancy. Waiting t o see you on the specified date. I remain Yours affectionately, Gabriel Chukus. Miss Esther Onye. H . R. S. Onitsha. Another love letter is from Paolina Eze, asking her lover to send her what she described as Christmas Presents. No. 24 St Jobn's Street Enugu. 2nd July, 1960. Dear Rufus, It seems to me that you have forgotten all about our love, but devil forbid. I have written at least four complete letters to you but you did not care to reply any of them. Have you lost interest in me. If so, inform me to that effect, so that I will switch to modern boys who are eager to intercourse with me. Please if you really know that o w love is still shining, send me Christmas presents as the celebration only remains two weeks. I need carring cloth and foot wearings. Also, I have no spectacle �s6-hp&h,i,$.;,w&fiTvtllrenF our pci?Cf?%.iind &n&' &- ;-41!r'\:chb$s 'f$;v$Y&s .: 1bi ..pr& defe&lih3'itbee. re~aj,Gi.ik&i . , . I.8m .eipkt.$tp:~i . :hear. frcim,&+efcsr.; days; . w yd,,? .you i i f epaiilin& .. . ,Mr. Rufus Obi. ' , . .. W ~ P A BRE~L-V.. ~E P 0 BOX 32, ; Port' Fiarccurt, 10th .July,,,1960. Dear, Paidilia; .. I have seen that what you want is.. to liquidate me. and see;that m y . pocket is empty ,and. nothing more..YLiu ,ark not, a;';true li)ver7';'otherwise, ,there is ncr'ieasdn wRjl..yod sha~ild 'be'.'demanding f r ~ m me always like that. . : T Ikfrfrahk a d c a t i d i d , I have.gothing' to .give '"& you as Christmas preielice. .If .you d a n t to switch to modxn boys .,because I did not give you,,money and Christmas presence, 'do t:iat without delay. Recgltly, my motheraied, but: you did not care e you are t o sM me message'6'f 'condole~~ck,;,iris'tedd ask.ing'for Ckristm i s :prese~$e. 'Thi$ shows ,'the: type of;i?;irl. you"are.. 'It $ubsequentIy proves': t6 me':what wb'itld have'4fappend ' tiad 1 ' agreed to have ybu as my: wife: as.:jrsu.jjrevi.ously wggtsted. . ; ~ . ~ bwtite~me :;gain. I 'donot usually,:tiefrieud ," i gijls of. your type. Yours ,faithfully; Rufus Obi. I @ ~ R T A N T : - When.. coqstructing. iove. ..letter .try.. to say,,,: scy~thing;that ig.to,.-,attract , your :..lover. and, ,., perhaps remind him/her of the past events. In case 23 �his relative dies, d o not fail to send him "message @fcondolence", because this will make him t o understand that you are a true lover. T o demand always from a lover is bad. Love is equal. Any lover could spend on behalf of the other whether male or female. COMPOSITION Composition is a way or channel of expressing ones idea on a particular topic clearly, and properly. In other to score a good mark in a composition, one must start very well and at the same time, end very well. The compositor must arrange his points paragraph by paragraph so as to present a reasonable outlook and at the same time convince the reader or the examiner, so that he/she will become an expert in essay writing. If this important objective is not achieved, the essay may not be interesting which will result t o a loss of make. Below is an example of a good composition. The topic is "Benin Village of Tomorrow" BENIN VILLAGE OF TOMORROW There are many in our country who idealise the Village of Benin City. Kwaki was one of these, Philip also had a yearning for the quiet countryside where one could regetate and reminate to one's hearts content, and yet perhaps a few of us today would like t o be permanent dwellers in a village. As a member of Benin community, I would like to be swept forward in the current of modern life even at the cost of being somewhat dizzy with the motion. We d o not want t o be left in the backwater of a n antiquated age which constitute life in a village. No one will for a moment, under-value the quietness, the sweatnesr, and even the poetry tbat the greent fields, the blue �skies, the colourful scenery -of a - v i l l a g e.hold up before.aor eyes; But- mddera. lif&--is.fwttj&-activity. There -is much to do an round, so much to change and to build anew. In the past, man was the slaves of an unkno*n destiny, !tie victim 01 change e\:ents. Today, :IS the poet sings 'man is she master of all things,' and therefore man has to nork inorder to build up a 'Brave new world' which he feels is for him to make or to unmake. The City and not the village, is the place bvhere most. of this work can be done. Villages, of course, cannot and must not be abolished as long as the ear111 has to be cultivated to give us our daily breLd, we will have villages, s"al1 semi-self contained se~tlements where the tillers of the soil live in close touch with the earth, and in intimate and fruitfulco-opemtion with their fellowmen, wha bring them help in many ways. But, the village tomorrow will not be at all like the village cf the past or exen of today. She will have to b e unbanished. She will have to be something between a viilage and s town -- a toHn in the midst of orchard and gardem, and surrounded by greet] corn field. The first step towards this urbanisation is to bring electricity to ekery cottage. Electricity will remove the depressing darkness of rural evenings. An illuminated night time will mean an extension of the day, and therefore, an addition to the span of human life. Not only will our homes look brighter, we will have clubs and hbraries aud even contiuuation Schools, for our workers, Try to imagine an electrified villsge booming with activities of all kinds, p h y s i c a I and intellectual and the differences with �the .village.~ ftodap.wil~.::bc. . at ,.once apparent. Fortuo; telyiour hy n~:leqlrm multi-purpose scheme Damode, Bhakra, Hirakud, fangabhadra. etc, will soon carry electric p0wc.r to distant villages, und thus transform thcm. Rural economy rest on small cottage, icdustries. The importance of artisan and the craftman, who bring to bear upon his art a ~ craft the personal d touch the hereditary skill that makes for beauty will always, remain. But electritication will also lead to the setting up of small mqqhines which will save labour and increase productio'n accorfing to the law of economics. Dr. Chike Obi's ambitious project of developing cottage Industries on the Russian model, may change the outlook in Benin villages The cottage will have their small machines to mdnufacture parts that will go into a common pool to a th: miking of bigger mao~inery. T : wat:h iqdustary in China is organised on this plain. 4 modern village will have scope for many new industries, like canning fruits pasturising milk, producing butter, and so on. Necessarily these will mean increased wealth for the village. They will also meau more vital existence. They lazy indifference of the village of today will be-substituted by a wide awake, many sided outlook. The Benin villagers of my dream will have all the amenities of the city ~ i t h o u tthe dearincss that goes with it. It will fell the stir of life without it's fretful fever. It will nor allow nerves to become frayed not the mind to become weary- It will cherish betuty and peace as things to be valued, but not at the expense of the Dynamic Urge which sweeps us through the years change to change unceassily. We are looking forward to the time when the completion of our river valley project will help us to transform our village into garden town. 26 �Remember that we have there kinds of Eassy:. I Descriptive Easjy 2 Argumentative Eassy & 3 harrative Eassy. Whenever you wish to write a composition. 1 Try to think about what you actually want to write 2 Hold some neccessary and also interesting important phrases. 3 D o not forget that your duty in writing .cornpositian is to sdy all you know about the :opic and not to change it. 4 Know the use of some parls of speech, such as: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Adjective. Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection. 5 Let your composition have a good beginning and ending. 6 Check your your tenser whether present or past tense stick to one tense. 7 Try to make your oucline or headline to enable you to write briefly. 8 Avoid the use of big words for small w o r h because by so doing, you are trying to make youself a fool. 9 Do nct feil tbat when )ou use big or colloqual words your are well educated. 10 Give a good pilragraph to enable people to understand you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 These are the example of "headlines" 10 use, if you were asked to write a composition on the "Stenographer" Who is a Stenographer? A Historical Note Importance in modern Office Qualification Technical Professional Some general reflection Conclusion 27 �7. (a) (b) (c) I 1. When constructing an essay on ' Farming 4 s a Career" use the following outlines:Farming generally applied to the cultivation of the soil for raising food crops. Gradually it came to mean organised production of all food material 'ncluding milk, poultry h0n.y etc. It's immense scope i n a large Agricultural country like Niper,a. It offers scope for variety s s well as large scale production, The worid shortage of food also is an incentive, The educational side of farming is gaining . importance. Modern farmiop is based on scientific vrincivles Hence the necd for Agricul~ure ~ o l l e ~ eand s research Industries These could be attached to big farm s o r located in ao area of large scale farming operative The organisatiooal side is all-important Kinds of Organisation Large scale farming to operative farming Collective farming--these are different type ~f organisation favoured in America, Indin and China respectively. . The India way sezk a synthesis of the Amercan and communist way The basis of all is the supersession of manual me~hodby mechanical appliances. The use of tractors for cultivating the soil, of incubators for hdtching egss etc. Different Departments of farming: Agriculture poultry, dairy, bean farming. Each has it's specialised training. And includes not. only scientific product~onbut of presertion as wellHence the scope for opening useful occupations is very great. What should be done so that farmiog would develope more, in general. Conclusion. 28 �If you want to write an easay oo "A College Debate" use the following outlines:1, 2. 3. 4. 5. Important of debate in modern times. A debate described. The subject matter. The speakers The chairman and other judges. 6 Voting 7. Remarks by the chairman. Judgement not on moral reflection or meaning but on points raised by the speakers. "00 point" raised by the speakers. 8. The result. 9. Impressions. Let me write a composition with these headlines so that you will follow me quite well. "A COLLEGE DEBATE" We are living in an aee of parliamentary democracy, We have to train ourselves to bc effective speakm and ready debater$. A good debater must be ahle to speak extempore, to aoswer the point raised by the previous speaker, to state clearly with reacons his own points of view, and to be able to combine arguments that convince with appeals that move the motions. FIe must not onlv speak fluently, logically, and with eloquence, but he must excel in the cut and thrust of debate in smart repartee and good humoured rebuff. T o acquire masmy over these, a good deal of training and practice is neccessary. Hence in these days, debates often comdl~cted on parliamentry line have become a feature OF college and eveD of school life. 29 �principles, ani dangerous in practice, and should be forthwith abondoned. As the resolution mooted a subje.:t on which feeling was running high, and was couched i n rather provocaWe language, the interest was great indeed and, u e back-benchers gathered together in laree numbers i3 expectation of a highly exciting debate. On ihe due date, classes were suspended for some time before the debate was takiog place and the students filled into the college hall aod took their seats, it wss apparent that a great deal of lobbying nad already taken place, for the promergers and the anti-mergers occupied opposite secrors of th- hall, grouped i n compact bodies. The neutrals not that there were many of them took there seats as they were attracted by conveniecce o r fiendship. The mover of the motion was allowed fifrecn minutes i n which he spoke in support of his resolu!ion. He had come, prepared and he spoke concisely, and pointedly. H: s:t f x t h th: genesis of the proposal, adduced arguments in support and explained the powerful reasons against it. His was a balaced speech. But not so speech of :the ssconder. It was a fiery oration, full of personal attacks, scathing criticism and withering scorn. And with that, the atm0sphe.e suddenly became electric words, were bandiee about noisy interruption proved strong counter attacks, crles of '~ithdraw' 'withdraw were met with louder cries: of 'shame,' 'sbame.' Some oi the spee~bes showed high oratorical gifts, some excdled inectite, orthers in argument, some spoke with deliberation others with anergy. The chairman, I must say, d'd his job admirably. �3 e pulled up speakers who were too personal or too irrelevant; he cooled down rising temperature with untimely jest, in relaxing the prescribed tirnelimit for speakers, he wisely took the sense of the house. After a full two hours debate, the mover was called upon to reply to the criticisms made. From the manner in which he disposed arguments that had been raised against him, it was clear that he -Mas a trained speaker. He made votes by promptly accepting a verbal alteration suggested by one member in an amendmeot which substituted the word 'Antinational' and 'angrous' by the less provocative word 'wrong' and likely to be dangerous. I believed that the acceptance of these sight changes was responsible for the overwhelming majority by which tbe resolution declared carried. So, overwhelming indeed was the vetd~t that a counting was not considered neccessar y. I am not a good or even tolerabie speaker myself. Perhaps that explains the admiration I felt for the various qualities exhibited by many of my friends. But my honest opinion is that many of the speakers sbowed excellent promises, and if given the opportunity at last, some of them will impress large audiences in the years to come. AGREEMENTS Agreement is a concord comformity, bargain o r contract between a person, company or group of individuzls and the other starting clearly what and how the person or persons agreed upon the matter. An agreement must be duly signcd by the people concernd, and their respective witnesses. Stamp should also be affixed acc. rding to the nature of agreement. The value of the stamp on an agreement depends upon the type of ageeement. �There are two kinds of Agreements, One is a "Written" agreement and the otber is a "Verbal agreement: AGREEMENT: Verbal Agreemenst is the one which is not written, but simply agreed upon i n the presence of witness invied. At the moment, we are not concerned with verbal agreement, but only a written one. VERBAL " DANGER" Of Verbal 4greement: Verbal agreem e x is not good and advisable in this age of modern civ lisation and parliamentry democracy. People could easily denv rhe other hence the agreement was not jotted down. If such issue 1s taken to the lnw court, the court is to fild it difficult to discover the truth, hence nothing was written In the olden days when people were God fearing and trustwor!hy, verbal agreement was good and useful. During these days, people were not educated and even there were no no schools at all. And in fact, they h ~ d alternative crder than verbal agreement. But now, let us forget all about \ertal agreement, and rdhere to the written one. Below is an example of a written agreement. "The agreement is made between Mr. Ikeotuonye Akpugbo and Albert Ibe" negotiating for the sale of a motor car. "Agreement b e t ~ e e nMr. Ikeotuonye Akpugbo and Albert Ibe. T o day being 29th Februarv, 1964, we Mr. Ikeotuoove Akpougbo and Albert Ibe both of Nnewi agreed as follows:-1, That a motor car, "E. 0. 7721" which fcrmerIv beloneed ro Mr. Albert Ibe has been sold to ~ r lke%uonye;Akpugbo at tbe cost of (£200) two . hundred pounds 2. Thsb hence the car has been sold to Mr Ike. otuonye, Mr Albert has no legal claim over it again. �That Mr. Ikeotuonye is the only person who has a legal claim over the said car. 4. That all the documents relating to the said car has been transfered to Mr. Ikeotuonye who is the legal onner of the car. 5. That after Mr. Ikeotuonye, his family members are to be the legal owner of the car. 6. That all the car documents bearing the same of Albert remains valid, though Mr. Ikeotuonye is the legal owner of the car. 7. Th3t if any one violated abuses or break this agreement, he will be liable to a court action and he is to pay a total cost of (£250) two hundred and fifty pounds to the other excluding the awardb of the court. SIGNED: M . Ikeotuonye His signature. r Mr. Albert Ibe His signature. In the presence of the following people as witnesses:1. Chukwuemeka Onwuka His signature I$ ,* 2. Wilberforc,: Onwuka Tnis agreement is signed before me on this 29th day' of February 1964. SIGNED WILFRED I. ONWUKA 3 Typist and witness to the whole signature Five shillings stamp affixed to make this agreement absolutely valid. Before you sign an agreement between you and any person or company 1 Try to read it over and over for several times 2 Be sure that it was what you actually agreed upon that was written 3 Study the whole phrases and clauses in that agreement properly as they may carry a differem meaning 4 Try to sigo it in the prestnce of the whole party concerned. �5. Be sure that it was not drafted by yourself alone. And also be sur; that others signrd the agreement. 6. Be sure that it is read and interpreted in any understandable local language. If possible, an agreement is supposed to be signed berore a lawyer or a legrl expcrt. Be io case a vendor or purch-ser is an illiterate or not properly educated, let him or 18er p r o d ~ c z his or her closed educated relative to read and interpret the words of the agreement fix him. This is to ascertain that the whole people concerned knew the actual contents of the agreement befor sloging it or affixing their thumb print. TELEGRAMS A telegram is written urgent message frorne one person to another, in the most shortest and precisent form. The amount of money lo be pald to the post and telegrm dcpertmeni depends largely upon the number of the words in the telegram. How to draft a telegram: If one wishes to draft a telegram, one must try to draft in the most shortest form inorder to avoid paying heavy amount of money. T o show you what a telegram is, let me send a telegram to Margret lkemefuna who is now for holidays at Sokoto and it bappens that ,on school will suddenly reopen on 29th Jaouary, 1964. But, she did not know before. The telegram will reads as follows:- Margret I kemefuna , Box 2 Sokoto Proceed school summoned 19th January Tbis telegram contains, only 10 words, and the person who is sending the telegram will have to pay about 216 to the post and telegram department. �HOW TO SPMK .lW PUBLIC 1 How to use your voice. It is very important to know how to use y5mr voice properly when speaking in public. 2 A few simple exercise can be recommended for a person. 3 As a matter of fact everybodyuses the riddle po:tion of the voice for ordinray conversation 4 You must also remember that the mouth should be well opened and the teeth apart otherwise your voice well. 5 In the first place there is the position of the speaker to ,be considered 6 If the occasion happens to be a wedding, break- fast, a dinner party, there wo4d be no plantform from which to speak. 7 A simple start in this way would be imposible for a local parliament which must have a fzir : number of me.nbers if it is to b a success. 8 This wonderful power of linking together words or facts uhich appear to have no relationship 9 Tkere are many other examples in our language of fine differences between words one of the most abused examples being the popular confusion between want and need. 10 This last point is indeed the essenst matter a couple of friend. of the �CONTENT VERBS To beat, To Hit, To Strike, To Kick, To Pucnh be a t bear beaten. hit hit hit strike struck struck kick kicked kicked punch punched punched . *.- Look at the following sentences: 1 John beats his donkey, (with his hand) 2 His father beat him. (with a strap (or) piece of leather) But. 1. Tom hit Henry (with his hand) 2. Tom struck Henry (on the face, with his hand 3. Albert kicked Joe (on the leg, with his foot 4. Henry punched Sam with his fist, as i3 boxing or 1. Tom hit the ball at tennis 2. Sam kicked the ball at football Also Sam beat Joe at tennis, at boxing; ie :. Sam won and Joe lost. . DRILLS A. Ask and answser the following questions:Example: Q. Did Tom hit Jim on the nose? A. Yes, he did. 1. Did Joe beat Henry at tennis? 2. How did Charles hurt John's foot? 3. What does your father do to you when you behave badly. �4 How is the man cruel t~ his '~ousz? 5 What are you doirg with the football? b Does Albert hit tbe ball hard at tennis? 7 Where did Herbert strike his nei,:hboor? 8 What is the servant doing to the carpet? 9 What did you do to make your brother? 10 How did you hurt your eves? B But in the missing word and then reDear the sentence as a w h o k - George. the ball into the goal , the other boy on the nose Sam Henry..........the dog with the whip Oscar............his school mate in the face with his open hand. Richard .........-.a nail in the wall We.......... the visiting school at football f You should never -...... anyone smaller than yoursel You can, ......a golf ball more than three hundred yards My carpet needs ........... 10 He .-.... me with his book GAMES SPORTS GYMNASTICS NOTE: 1 To play games, I play football, or To go in for games or I go In for football 2 To go in for spots. I 40 in for boxing (shooting, riding, etc.) or 1 box, (I shoot, I ride, etc. �3 To do gymnastics; or. tn go.in-.fclrgymntistiW GAMES footblll tenis tabletennis basket-ball cricket to play c.r hockey to go in for squash golf polo chess cards backgammon SPORTS box ., . ivrestle. swim run jump to ride shoot in fcr hunt walk fish skate ski .$aki'$g. .+resrfia$ .syirnmi@ rur~ning jumping to go ridink shooting hunting walking fis;:ing skatinp sking DRILLS A. Ask and answer the following questions: - EXAMPLES:- Q. What does George do? A. He plays tennis, or he goes in for tennis Q. What does Thomas do? A. He boxes, or he goes in fbr boxing. 1 What does Tom do? 2 What does Joscph do? 3 What does Henry do? 4 What does George do? 5 What does Albert do? 38 ( tennis ) ( table tennis) ( swimming ) ( cricket ) ( boxing ) �6 What does Herbert do? (walking) (basket-ball) (chess) (skating! 7 8 9 10 What What What &hat B. Ask and answer the following questions:Example:- Q. Ans. does Mary do? does Robin d o ? does Richard do? do you d o ? ( 7) Does Sam ride? Yes, he rides, or Yes, he does. No, he stGims, or No, he doesn't ride, he swims. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Does Alfred s ~ i m ? Does your brother go in for boxing? Does Arthur skate? ( N ........................tennis) Does George play back gammon? No .,. . chess Dots your friend play cricket?, No ............ ..swimming 'Does your father shoot? No .............................. working Does Charles play basket-ball? No ..................skating Does Henry fish? No ...................... hunting Does James go in for hunting? 10 Do you go in for golf? MEANS OF TRAVEL T o go by Train, Bus, Boat, etc. Look at the following sentence?:- 1 The best way to get to the cinema from here is to go by bus. 2 He went there on a dookey. �NOTES:We,.g~.._by, vehicle, by train,_:& bus. by car, by bicy.cJei.:,by aeroplane, b y . train,, ets. But we go on foot, on horse-back, on a donkey, on a camel. A. Ask and answer the following questions:- Q. Is i t quicker to go on foot or by car? Ans. It is quicker to go by car. 1 1s it cheaper to go by car or on foot? 2 Is it more comfortable to go on a horse or by train s 3 T it quicker to go by plane or by boat? 4 Is it more comforti ble to go by bicycle or by car? 5 Is it cheaper to go on a donkey or by car? 6 Js it cheaper to go by planc or by car? 7 Is it quicker to go by carrlage or on foot? 8 Is it pleasant to go by bus or by train? 9 Is it noiser to go by train or on a horse? 10 Is it dirtier to go by train or by plane? b. Ask and answer the following questions: Q. D o rich people usually go by car or on a donkey? Ans. They go by car. 40 �Q. To get to the other end of the street, Would yau go by train or on foot. Ans. I should go on foot. To get to England from America, would you go by boat or on a horse? Do people in the very North of Europe go on camels or on foot? Do more people travel by train or by plane? To get to n Londbn house from the office would you go by bus or on a camel? To get to South Africa from Egypt, would you go by plane or by train? To get from New York to tbe pacific coast of America, would you go by bicycle or by train? Do people in Denmark go short distances go by bicycle or by aeroplane? Do you come to school on foot or by car (If neither, how) To get to the next town, would you go on foot or by boat (If neither, how) Do every poor people go by car or on foot.? Do you prefer to travel by boat or by plane. To get to the top of a mountain, would you go on foot or on a horse. To cross a lake, would you go by bus or by bicycle. (If neithx, how) To have a healthy holiday in the country, would you go by plane or on foot. Do villagers in the Near Easter travel on donkeys or by car. �Tocome, To go, T o walk. To run. To ritlc etc. (It is adviseable tnat this,Section be done in conjuction with the previous one si Ice the two are very closely connected. ... 1 :. I came here by car.. 2 1 went there by car. 3 I walked there. as it was nof far. 4' t ran' there, as there wa.s fi'ftle time. .5. 1 ; rode there,-as my friend was nb!e to take me in his car.. XOTE- "The 'most 'common verbs of mot~on or movement are to come and to go. We can use them '('with or without. the helpof adverb phrases)to express,.any k i n d of motion -(see 'Means of Travel' p, 94.) Thus you can sav. "I came (or went) by car (or bybus, by train, by boat, on foot, etc.) Never say, 'I rode here in a car.', Say either necessary to mention what kind of vehicle it was, simply" .'I rode here.' "I walked here" and 'I came here on foot" mean very nearly the same thing. I came here on foot, ,may also mean I ran here. Do not mlx their two expressions up. Above all, never use the verb *to run for anything except fast motion on foot. ( T o run can be used in other way, but it is safer to keep t o its chief meaning.) Other verbs of motion that you may sometimes -peed a r q l . t o sail, to drive, to swim, to row, to . 'march' to fly. Do.,,not use any adverb phrases to make the meaning clear. The complete meaning is ':already iWfhe verbs. , �Ask and ioswer the following questions:- Examples: .Q. How would you go if you h a . d no money? A. If I had, no money I should walk, or I should go 00 foot. Q. How would jcu gel across a lirte boat \kith oars? A. 2 lake if you had I should row across it How would you get across a river if there were no. bridge and )ou had no boat? , 2. How would yo.1 g,) from India to England if you were in a hurry and had plenty of moncy? 3. How would you reach the polic station in the next strect if somebody had juht been . murdered? 4 Hou would you get to your work. if it ,were : too fdr to walk?5. How would a co n p n j of 'soldiers get to the next town if they were alt on foot? 6. How would you go from Europe to the far East if you waated a pleasant journey of about five weeks? . 7. How would you go donn rbe river Nile if there were n6 steamer or motor boat. 8. How shodd you go across France if you were by yourself and had a car? 9. - How would you go from Paris to Rome if you want ihe quickest way? 10. How would go if you waated to spend an afternoon in the park? 1. �11 12 13 14 15 How would go up a .river if you had a small sailing boa ? How woald you get to rhe fire station if a fire broke out io o u r house and there were neither telephones nor L , chides of nny Kind. How would you go about if you were in the country and had a house? 8 o w would you go i t the place you wanted to reach is only a a d z awav and had a bicycle. How would you get if )ou w & @ d to to get to one end cf L o c d o ~ , frc m the other the quiekest way TO FIND, TO FOUND fiad found found found founded founded Look at the following Sentences:- 1 I found a shilling in the street 2 1 cannot find my hat 3 The letter was founded amoung the rubish. 4 Mr. Smith's fathe'r founded thz business 5 The business was founded by Mr. Smith's hther. NOTE T o find has the sense of to discover, to come upon. The past tense is found and the passive . infinitive is to be found. T o found has the sense of to start. We use it especially of such thing, as building (schools hospitals) aud business. The past tense is founded and the passive infinitive is to he founded. �Never mixt the two r*ord~ up. to find is a wry common word and to found no1 a very common word. DRILLS A. Ask and answer the following questions:- Example: Q. Wculd you find o r found a pocket-book? A. You would find it. , Would you find or found a long lost friend? l 2 Would you your food? 3 Would you own. 4 Would you 5 W o d d you 6 Would you ,ticket? 7 Would you 8 Would you 9 Would you 10 Would you find or found a bite of dirt in find or found a big shop of your find or found a letter on the table? find or fouod a home for old people? find or fouod an unused ra~lway find or found new museum? find or found the way home? find or found a dog in your garden? find o r found an old shoe? 8. Complete each of the folbwiog sentences putting i n the correct form of, to find or to found. Repeat each of the sentences as a whole. �Example: I have.......................a fly in my glass. A I have found a fly in my glass. Q 1 If I had enough money, 1 should ............a house for the poor children. 2 He............ the key he thoupht he had lost in his trouser pocket. 3 I cannot any rest here. 4 Haven't you ................ your pen yet? 5 Lord stop shire the club fifty years ago 6 I cannot ................ the answer to the question 7 Whsre wai the baby .............................? 8 Charles Dickens ...................... that newspapers. 9 He.................. gold watch in the Gar a 10 Tne society was.... by the president. 11 Can't you ..---..". any thing to d o ? 13 Hasn't he............ anything to do? 13 If you turn left you will ..........thz buildin: opp6site you. 14 Your hopes are on sand 15 Diamonds are ,................in South Africa. To Discover, To Invent, discover discovered discovered To Explore invent invented invented explore explored explored Look at the following senteoces A I Cbristopher Columbus discovered America. 2 The driving power of s!eam was discovered by Hero of Alexandra. B I Trevethick invented the Railway eogioe. 2 The aeroplane was invented by the Wright Brothers C I Mungo Park explored the river Niger after discovering it. �2 After discovericg the new land, the men explored it and so learned many interesting things about it. NOTE: T b -disk&er ineans%oEnd or' t o - find a thing or a place :for ~ht&sr t h e .. . ~o'jnvent: means to think out something:newl T o cxplere:- .fleans to travel through a. strange place and learn something about it. DRILLS A. Ask and answer the following questions:Example: Q Who discovered Hawaii A Captain C o ~ k discovered Hawaii Cook did or Captain 1 Who discovered disease germs? (Pdsteur) 2 Who discovered the River Niger'! (Mungo Park) 3 Who discovered Tutankhomen's tomb? (soward Carter) 4 Wllo discovered the malaria-carrying mosquito? Ross 5 Who discovered the sea route to I n d ~ a ? (Vasco Da Gama) 6 Who discovered a cure for smallpox? (Jenner) 7 Who discovered the Victoria Falls? (Livingstone) 8 Who discove~ed the heavenly body Uranus? (Herschel) 9 Who discovered r.rdium as a cure for certain disease ? (Curie) 10 Who discovered the reason why bodies fall to earth? (Nowton) 47 �B. Ask and answar the following questions:- 1 Who ivented a printing press in Europe (Gutenberg) 2 Who iovented a way of makinn steel? (Bassemer) 3 Who invented the first practical steam engine? (Savery) 4 Who invented the cotton gin? (Eli Whitoey) 5 Who inlented the sewing machiw? (Howe) 6 Who invented the telegraph'! (Morrison) 7 Who invented long distance wireless telegraphy? (Marconi) 8 Who invented the telephone? (Graham Bell) 9 Who invented electric lightine? (Edison) 10 Who inveoted the safety lamp for miners? (Davy) C. Ask and answer the following questions: I Who explored some of the coldest parts of the world? Shackleton 2 Who explored parts of "vlexico? Cortes 3 Did Columbus explore America after discovering it? (No) 4 Have you ever explored any of the ancient Egyptain temples? 5 Have you ever explored your village? 6 Have you ever explored-the capital of your coun~ry? 7 Have you ever explored the desert? 8 Has the whole world been explored yet? 9 Have you ever explored any old buildings? 10 Wbich part of the world would you like to exploref �TO LeARPJ, TO FIND OUT, TO KNOW You learn a subject Thus, I am learning French You fin3 out information Thus, I found out his name (You can often use to learn instead of to find out 'Thus, "I learned his name.") You know something you have already learned or foun dout. Thus, 1 knowmy own language (Because I learned it as a child.) DRILLS Put the correct forms of to learn, t o find . out, or t o know in each of the following sentence and then repeat each sentence as a whole:Example: Babies must ....... .how to walk Babies must learn how t o walk I am ~ o i - g o the station to.................. nt when the train .starts I am goiog to the station to find out when the train starts. Fish ......- how t o swim Fish know how t o swim. �A' ' g o d teacher ......how to keep hi*'pupi.ls:.in 2 We are now ......... English 1 order 3 Have you ever - .. ..Russian? 4 Do you ........... Russian? 5 Can you ...........if he is coming 6 Birds............ how to fly 7 Yesterday I ............ a pzom by he@ .* . 8 I it so well now that I cao say it backwards 9 A successful business man .......... how to make 'money 10 You must ............... her address tomorrow I I Please.......... whether he still has my watch 12 They................. that I do not believe them 13 I have ........how to do it now how to do it now? 14 Do you ............ 15 You me very well 16 He was drowoed because he did not ..... how to swim 17 He was drowned because he had not .....how to swim 18 Most people......how to ride a bicycle very quickly 19 I want to......where ought to go ........... 20 I have forgotten where it is, but once 1 what has happened to him 21 Nobody 22 It is the business of the police to.......... who committed the crime. my friend, don't you? 23 You 24 Have you ...... the lesson? 25 There isnot enough time to ............the trick 26 D o you ...... where I can get one? 27 I came to see you but..- that you had gone out how to do it 28 It took us a long time to 29 All English children in secondary schools .....French 50 �30 W e you - sta+.qhool you---how hn to speak 31. He' hasn't'been able t........:....what they are doing 6: 32 You are wrong: I...... -..-it docs not cost as much as that. 33 Would you mind ............, if the cat is still in the house. 34 I don't.,. ,... how to tell you. 35 You will have to.. , - to be more polite. TO Drown, TO be Drowned, To Sink, To F l a t . sink drown drowned sank drowaed sunk float floated floated Look at the following sentences:. 1 Many men were drowned when the boat sank 2 The man sank and rose again to the surface of the water. 3 The ship was sunk by the guns of the enemy. 4 Iron sinks: wood floats. 5 The man drowned his cat. 5 The man drowned himself Note To To To To drowned to cause death by water. be drowned: to die by water. sink: to disappear below the surface of water. float: to remain on the surface of the water 51 �Ask and answer the following questions - I How many men *ere drowned when the boat sank-? 2 How ixany won en drowned nhtn.the beat sank? 3 How many childrendrowned uhen the boat sank? 4 Wer, many of the crew drowned when the boat sank? 5 Did the ship sink in deep water? 6 Wtere did the ship sink? 7 Why did the ship sink? 8 By whom was the battle zhip sink? 9 W h ~ did the crew do when the ship began to sink? t 10 Why did ihe man drown the rat>? 11 Why did the man drown himself? 12 Will you be dromned if you cannot swim? 13 Where was he drowned? 14 Were many people drowned in the flood? 15 Would yo11 help a man who was drcwnin,? 16 Does a paper sink or floot? 17 Does gold sink or floot? 18 Do heavy metals sink or floot? 19 Does cork sink or floot? 10 Does rubber sink or floot? ,To be Born, To Die, To be Dead. die died die �Look at the fdtewing sentencee: 1 2 3 4 5 - My brother was born before I was. William Shakespeare uas born in 1564 and died died in 1616. Napoleon died in 1821. He is wearing black clothes because his father has just died. H i s father is not alive; he is dead. DRILLS A. Ask and answer the following questions:- Example Q. When were yog born. Ans. I was born in 1921 or I was born-years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ago. When was Napoleon born? (1759) When was Harounal Rashid born? (1786) When was Louis Pasteur born? (1812) When was Peter the Great born? (1672) When was Ahmed Shawki, the famous Egyptian poet born? (1853) When was Mar:oni born? (1874) When was Galizo born (1564) When was Sir Issac Newton born? (1642) When was Thomas Edison born? (1864) When was Tennyson, the Fmglish poet born (1852 �A. Ask and answer the following questions:- Q. Where were you born? Ans. I was born in Egvpt. 1 Where was your king born? 2 Where was Shakespeare born? (England) 3 Where was Victor Hugo born? (Fmnce) 4 Where was Nelson horn? (England) 5 Where were your brothers horn? (England) 6 Where were your parents born? 7 Where were your uncle born? 8 Where was Alexander the great born? (Maccdon) 9 Where was Plato born? (Greece) 10 Where was Voltarie born? (France) b. Ask and answer the following questions. Example:- Q. When did Swift, the English writer, die? Ans. Swift died in 1745. I When did Queen Victoria of England die? (1901) 2 When did Alfred the Great die? (1626( 3 When did Francis Bacon die? (1901) 4 When did Lord Beaconsfied die? (1881) 5 When did Marco Polo die? (1323) 6 When did Duke of Marlborough die? (1722) 7 When did Marie Antoitte die? (1793) 8 When did Philip V of Spain die. (1746) 9 When .did Rousseau die (1778) 10, When did James Watt die (1819) �Q. Is he dead? Ans. Yes, he is died Q. Hai he dead Aos. Yes, he has died. or Yes, he is. No he is not dead or No he is not (isn't) or Yes, he has. No he has not died or No he has not (hasn't) Is Is 3 Is 4 Is I 2 Julius Caesar dead Christopher Co!umbus dead Cleopatra dead. Hitler dead? Has Hitler died? I. We only use this form of people who have been living recently. 5 Is your father dead? 6 Is Marco polo dead ? 7 is Aristotle dead? 8 Is Shakespeare dead? Has your father died? TO SAY, TO TELL. Look at these sentences: A. I said to him, "I shall return soon." (Direct speech) I told him that 1 shall return soon. NOTE:- (Indirect speech) 1. Change sly to (said to) into tell (told) when changin direct into indirect speech �2. When you use tell (told) in Indirect"kpeech, it must be followed by the name of person by a personal pronoun. Now look at these sentences:- B. He said, "I am angry" (Direct speech) He said that he was angry (Indirect speech) When turning D~rectinto Indirect speech do not change say (said) unless it is followed by the name of a Person or a ~ersoni1"pronon. NOTE:- DRILLS A. Ask and answer the following questions:- Example:- Ans. I Q. What did he say when you shouted? He said that he was not deaf. What did he say when you came late? : What d ~ d say when vou gave him the book? he 3 4 5 6 7 What did they say when they heard the news? Who said that there would be a holidays soon? Who said that there would beno lessons tomorrow Who said that the war would end soon? Did you say that you were sad. 8 Did you sav that you were happy 9 When did he say he would return 10 Why did you say that' you would not come. B. Ask answer,the following questions:- 1. What did he tell you when you said that you had failed. 2. When did you tell his father that he was in need of money? �3 When did he tell you itre gaod newsZs 4 When did he tell his father that he was i~ need money? 5 Who told you that there would be holidays soon? 6 Who told him to work hard? 7 Why 'did you tell him t o go away? 8 Why did you not tell him what had happened? g Did he tell you that he was ill? 10 Did he tell you that he was going to England soon. MOTE:- 2 3 4 5 The verb 'te tell' is also used as follows:- T o tell a story. T o tell the truth. To tell a lie. T o tell the time. T o tell one thing from another. DRILLS A. Ask and answer the following questions:1 Who told you that story? 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 When did he tell you that story? Did he tell you an interesting story? Why did you tell lie. Was he punished for telling a lie? Will you be believed if you always tell the truth. Do newspapers always tell the truth. Can you tell the time of his arrival. Who told you the time of his arr~val. Can you know a good book from a bad one. Can you know a horse from a cow. �12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Can you tell the difference from a pen and pencil. Do you tell lies? Do you always tell the truth? Can you tell me an amusing story. Can you tell the difference between a boot and a shoe. Can you tell me the time of his departure. What happens to people whp tell ties. Are people who tell the truth honesty. Does your teacher tell you stories. . TO HEAR, TO LISTEN. Look at the following Examples:- 1 I heard him speaking but was too tired to listen to him. 2 Listen to what I say. 3 You should always listen carefully to what your teacher is saying. 4 I listened to his speech but did not hear any thing I have oot heard before. 5 I have just heard the sound of a gun. When you listen to a person talking, you will not only hear him but you also pay attention to what he is saying. You can hear a person talking without paying attention to what he is saying. NOTE:- �Drills (a) . A k and answer the following questions : s - 1. Can .you hear the rain beating zgainst the windows. 2. Cim you hear what I am saying? 3. Did you hear the noise of the children phyirig? 4. Can deaf people' hear? 5. Would you sit near a speaker 0:: far away from him if you wish to hear him? 6. Can you hear the noise outside? 7. Can you h+ir the wind blowing? 8. Have you ever heard a .great mao's speech? 9. Can you always hear well when someone is 10. Have you ever heard birds singing? (b) . Ask and answer the following pestions : I. Did you listen to what he was saying? 2. D o you always listen to what ycur teacher is saying. 3. D o you always listen to t!le acvice your father gives you? 4. D o you listen to his speeches? 5. What will happen.if you do not listen to a person when he is spe3king to you? 6. Did you listen to the music which was played last night7 7. Did you listen to him when he was telling you a story? 8. Will you remember what your teacher says if you do not listen to him? 9. Can you hear a person without I'steoing to speaking to you over the telephone? him ? 10. D o you like listening to a good speaker? 59 �TO catch, to take, to obtain, to re;eived receive obtain received obtained obtained received Look at the following sentences : (A) I. I caught tbc which he threw to me. 2. I stayed in bed all lasbweek because I tad caught cold. 3. The policeman ran after the thief but could not catch him. catch caught caught take took taken I. Take this and don't ask for more. 2. I gladly took the money which he gave me. 3. 1 have forgotten to take my books with me when 1 went our. ( c ) 1. I obtained high marks in my last examination. 2. You can obtain all kinds of food at grocer's 3. He obtained d l the money he needed from ' his father. (B) When did you receive that letter? 2. Did you receive the book I sent you yesterday. 3. As soon as he he received my money, he sent me a receipt. (D) I . Drills (a ) . Ask and anlwer the following questions : EXAMPLES : . ( q ) Did you catch the apple as it fell from the tree? ( a ) Yes, I caught apple as it fel! from the tree, or yes, I did. ' No, I did not catch the apple asi'it fell from the tree, or no, I did not/l didn't. �Order Your NIGERIAN NOVELS r . m n 17 Bright Street. o n i t s h i Friendship between boys & girlsand how to make it *s 9d The important book for Nigerian Bachelorp . ., 3s How t o write: good Letters. dad Applicati~ns 3s Forget m t not Is How to mske mertings 3s Husband and Wife 3s Awolowo and Akintola in Political Dattle 3s 6d 3s :6d How to study Hausa, Ibo. English' Languages . . .. 3s 6d How t o Write Love Letters 3s f d How LO make friends with girls Yever trust all that love you 2s 6d A guide t o Marriage 3 s bd '3 Why boys of nowadays d o not marry in' time No Condition is Permanent 3s The Way t o Succeed in Life 2s 6d About boys and gir!s 3s How t o make Love 2s- . Beware- of Women . . -3s. 6d How to get a Lady in Love 2s 6d How to write business Letters and Correct letters 2s 6d How Lumumba suffered ln lire and died in Kataoga 3s 6d Money Hard 2s 6d ,2s.6d Wonders shall never end Love shall never. End 2s 6d The Game of Love 2s 6d 3s Boy's life of Zik the man of Reason 4s' The last journey of President Keonndy Mouey hard t o get because the World is hard 3s '. First Step to study Engl~sh,.Ibo, Hausa .Yoruba 3~6d and Efik Languages Learn -to s ~ e a kEnrlish.- lbo. Hausa Bnd Yoruba Languages 3s 6d .3s 6d. How t o study and write English etc. Love at First and Hate a t Last 3s 6d: Life turns man up and down 3s 6d Man has no Rest in his Life 3s 6d Modern Hand Book 3s 6d How t o Start Life and end it well '3s 66 3s Cd English t t e language of the Modern World . . Order your copies today and become of one of onr &ntomers Immediate attention to every Order made. Order.' and have your own copy immediately. Orders should be msde with .*postal Order or Stamps. Always order your Nigerian Novqls horn: - GEBO BROTHERS SIUOWS' OWN BOOKSBOP, I7 BR16HT SIRtET, ONITSHA. P~infedby -- ALL STAR PRINTERS. 19 EMODl ST.. ONITSHA. 1 �, , , . . , .... . . ' 8 . 1 4 . ' $.-.L>' , - . HOW TO STUDY ~ . nWiTm n ions, Compositions, AGREEMENTS, BETTER SENTENSES, lMfT'JRT,dt,NT LETTERS SPEAKING PUBLIC AND TEACH IN YOUR SELFESGLIS . H � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Onitsha Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource How to study and write good letters, applications, compositions, telegrams, agreements, better sentences, important letters, speaking in public and teach yourself good English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Onwuka, Wilfred Type The nature or genre of the resource Onitsha market literature Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Onitsha, Nigeria : Gebo Brothers [and] Students' Own Bookshop Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964? Language A language of the resource English Subject The topic of the resource Business communication Nigerian literature (English) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ksrl.c3292 Description An account of the resource This pamphlet is another how-to guide described as a "New Grammar Book" in the preface. The author, Wilfred Onwuka, is also listed as a "compositor, poet,novelist and dramatist." He is referred to as "Master of Pen." Written mainly for "senior primary and students in the secondary schools," Onwuka notes that his aim of the pamphlet is to contribute "<em>my quota towards the educational building, progress and development of Nigeria and the world in general,</em>" (pg. 3).<br /><br />This pamphlet has morals and political statements within sample letters. Onwuka's creations include disappointment with a sister's behavior, the business dealings of an offshore company, and a request to join a different political party because the Nigeria People's Party is "foundalistic and squandamenic," (pg. 18)<br /><br />Onwuka's section on love letters offers advice about writing letters "when playing the game of love" (pg. 20). One sample written by a woman named Esther professes her own beauty and willingness to spend [i.e. make purchases] on behalf of her lover, (pg. 20). The response, from Gabriel, suggests an expectation of sexual relations "for the game of love", but not intercourse, since the practice often leads to pregnancy. This is an example of safe sex with "a Modern Girl" in Nigeria, c. 1962. <br /><br />In another sample exchange between greedy Paulina and a mournful Rufus, the author demonstrates that heavy demands placed on a lover can cause dire results, when Rufus rejects Paulina's demands for Christmas presents that will "liquidate" him, (pg. 22-23). "Love is equal", argues Onwuka, and Paulina's failure to offer condolences to Rufus after the death of his mother is cited as an egregious oversight, (pg. 24).<br /><br /> Other sections of this pamphlet explain how to write composition, agreements and telegrams. The last section of the pamphlet contains drills and exercises to improve readers' grammar and vocabulary. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. However, for this Item, either (a) no rights-holder(s) have been identified or (b) one or more rights-holder(s) have been identified but none have been located. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/</a> https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/926880245a88b0962cc05c7b01a353b2.jpg a19f91dc080101e162b571d18bf4236b Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data printed book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>How To Study and Write Good Letters, Applications, Compositions, Telegrams, Agreements, Better Sentences, Important Letters, Speaking in Public and Teach Yourself Good English</em> Subject The topic of the resource Business communication. Nigerian literature (English) --Nigeria --Onitsha. Onitsha market literature. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Onwuka, Wilfred Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Onitsha, Nigeria: Gebo Brothers [and] Students’ Own Bookshop Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1964?] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="%20 https://catalog.lib.ku.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?bbid=3013600" target="_blank">C3292</a> Englishes https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/457cda2e4efb20656e0e328da1dd3f4a.jpg 42c71f262b7ebb356a8b28b6ef9c8ef9 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miss America #10 of 37 Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2025 Description An account of the resource Miss America is an ongoing digital collage that will never end. The search for Miss America is an exercise in vanity exemplified by the constant tweaking in every new collage. Will the next collage finally bring me to contentment? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ophelia Ireton Fine Arts major Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Belong to Creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Collage https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/b7173a1dfc89bf1f2c73d3a996d79cc5.jpg 54700f5cfe2e005f15c56445528d746e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of the Artist as a Young Trans Woman Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2025 Description An account of the resource This was painted during a time of incredible introspection leading to a new identity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ophelia Ireton Fine Arts major Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Belong to Creator Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Acrylic on canvas pad 26.5" X 23" https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/7ead55961387a30a41b09ed8333b46f8.jpg cc37f849e4fb11de658e5f934cec5461 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Untitled Subject The topic of the resource LibArt 2025 Description An account of the resource This painting was created during my first semester at KU. It was the first art class I had taken after four years. Challenging myself to work in bright vivid color was daunting at first but I quickly realized it became just as comfortable as anything else. I have always been obsessed with the human form and in this piece, I wanted to obfuscate the figure to parallel my intense confusion surrounding identity at the time. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ophelia Ireton Fine Arts major Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Belong to Creator 26" X 50"