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Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Thu, 20 Sep 2012 14:24:41 +0000 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource IDRH_KU Title A name given to the resource Building web exhibits workshop underway too #thatcampks -- http://t.co/IDHotCFw Tweet from_user Twitter handle IDRH_KU from_user_id Twitter user_id 437195971 id Twitter id 2.48789E+17 profile_image_url URL of profile image http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1694699869/idrh-twit_normal.png Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Thu, 20 Sep 2012 14:22:49 +0000 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource IDRH_KU Title A name given to the resource Voyant workshop underway, with Geoff Rockwell (and food) #thatcampks http://t.co/E6x9wUkj https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/e90535eb74e53520ad40f657581f5813.pdf d6b36aedefd6e04004f28c9b93193655 PDF Text Text ��THE LAST DAYS LUMUMBA (The Late Lion of the Congo) A DRAMA THOMAS lGUH Obtainable from:A. ONWUDIWE & SONS, R. 9 No. 6 Onitsha Main Market, P. 0. Box 214, - ONITSHA NIGERIA. 316 ~ e Price. t All Copy Right Reserved �CONTENTS PAGE Forward Characters In Mr. Lumumba's House 7 Gizenga and Mr. Everistus 9 Molongo in the uniform of an army commander 11 Lumumba arrives 12 The Angry Crowd surged to the road and halt the car 15 The first arrest of Lumumba 16 Lumumba is brought back as a prisoner 17 The trial of Lumumba and his men 18 Registrar. Usher and other Minor Official 19 Lumumba .is led to the box 21 Lumumba is drawn out of the box 24 Mr. 0kito was ordered to kneel down 25 Mr. Mpolo enters the box 26 The second day of trial 29 Lumumba is appointed Prime Minister 36 Enter Kassavubu, Moise Tshombe, Munungo and Kalinjo 41 The Scene opens In Parliament 45 Colonel Mobutu and his his men properly armed 46 PATRICE LUMUMBA 50 Lummba having been arrested with Mpolo and 52 Okito patrice Lumumba, Okito and Mpolo 53 The scene shifts to Katanga 55 About hundred soldiers carrying Lumumba 57 The picture showing how ~umumba was tied 58 President Tshombe's picture 59 Mr. Gizenga's picture 60 �CHARACTERS. PATRICE LUMUMBA The first Prime Minister of the Congo. MR. KASSAVUBU e;: President of the Congo MOISE TSHOMBE e yS , Katanga , e v , Kassai , MR. KALINJO COLONEL MOBUTU - Congo Army Chief. MR. OKITO LUMUMBA'S MR. MPOLO MR. ANTOINE GIZENGA .DEPUTIES MR. EVERISTUS I S ) MR. MUNUNGO. Katanga Miister KING BAUDOUIN King of Belgium JOSEPH ILEO - ,2nd Prime Minister of Congo ) Juliana Patrice LUMUMBA'S CHILDREN Francois y9 Brother MR. ALBERT MRS. LUMUMBA. MOLONGO CHIEF JUSTICE CROWN COUNSEL COUNSEL FOR DEFENCE MESSENGER LUMUMBISTS BELGIANS SOLDIERS POLICEMEN �PREFACE: THIS DRAMA (THE LAST DAYS OF LUMUMBA ) .IS SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO BRING HOME IN, TO THE READER THE MANhER IN WHICH PATRICE LUMUMBA WAS KILLED. THE DRAMA IS A FICrION AND DOES NOT IN ANY WAY. REPRESENT' THE TRUE ACCOUNTS OF THE LUMUMBA EPISODE. 1T IS ALL IMAGINARY.. THOMAS IGUH, (The ~ u t h o r ) . �A. ONWUDIWE & SONS P. 0.BOX 214, YLe ONITSHA ~Ya~yiryw t o r % - NIGERIA. o{ ONWUDIWE & SONS Book - Sellers and Publishers, Promoters of Nigerian Modern Novels. �COLONEL MOBUTU COLONEL MOBUTIJ THE CHIEF COMMANDER OF CONGO ARMY. �SCENE I IN MR. LUMUMBA'S HOUSE. PATRICE., LUMUMBA DISCUSSES INDEPENDENCE FOR THE CONGO WITH HIS MEN. Enter Patrice Lumumba, .Albert, Mr. Okito and Mr. Mpolo. They all take seats. Well done Mr. Okito and comrades. It is a pity that people like Mr. Everistus and others are not here with us, but I am afraid we must have to go ahead. PATRICE LUMUMBA: I see with you ~ a t r i c d we have for only an hour to go before' we proceed to the Market Square for the Rally. MR. MPOLO : k t ' s hurry up for the Market Square is already filled to capacity. MR. OKITO: Gentlemen, 1 see no reason why we should continue to delay this short meeting. So, I think I -won't be wrong if I declare it open. OKITO: Oh ! hero of the Congo! go ahead1 PATRICE LUMUMBA: - MR. . . PATRICE LUMUMBA: Stand up for prayers. (They all stand up). Oh! God of the Univer~e!Oh! Ye God of Africa We call upon -Thee to come to o u r aid. The Belgium have rapped and murdered our people in thousands. They . have locked up hundreds of our innocent once simply because they 'pointed their PATRICE LUMUMBA: �fingers at Belgium's'. Criminal face. We are now resolved to fight ,the battle hence we in the liame 6f 'our .;niotherliind have called for thy aid Grease t h e shoulders of thy . beloved ch~ldren who have resolved to challenge Belgium's atrocities against our mother land. We hope and trust Oh! Ye Mighty God of Africa; that you won't fail to give us your aid right from now! MR MPOLO AND OTHERS: Amen ! MR. OKITO: Well done Patrice, I pray that God may grant you a long lease of life that through you whom we the Congolese call our God, we,may one day be released from Belgium's chain of bondage and slavery. ALBERT: Here Mr. Okito Oh! you .great God of Africa ! Congo is burning ! PATRICE LUMUMBA: Comrades Mpolo, Okito and the rest, lend me your ears, for it is now that I am - going to issue directives which will guide you until the war of liberation comes to an end. For sixty long years have the Belgians enriched themselves on the exploitation of our motherland ! Most of you here have suffered one thing or the other from the hands of these white begots who call us slaves in our own motherland (he weeps) Never l never more must we see these things and let them pass unchecked. We can't allow our country to keep burning while we are still living. We must retaliate and if by retaliating, we shall all find ourselves in goal, well and good. This country is ours l we must not let it down! Belgium must pack away and that must be now or never ! MR. --. . Away with Belgium and her puppet MPOLO; King ! MR. OKITO:' Here comes Mr. Antoine Gizenga and . Mr. Everistus. ' �(ENTER .MR;GIZENGA AND MR. EVERISTUS) PATRICE LUMUMBA : Behold ! Here are the men we have been waiting for. ANTOINE GIZENGA: Pardon us gentlemen for being late. We had to stop at the market square,to cool. down. the hearts of millions of our people who are already there. MR. NERISTUS: Never in the history of this great country of ours have so many people of all walks of life gathered for same purpose. Infact the crowd we met at the market square is simply wonderful. ALBERT : What we want now is your command . for we are prepared to give up our lives for the cause of t h ~ s great nation of ours. MR. EVERISTUS: Bravo: Albert! I am prepared to die now for it is better for one to die for the cause of his nation than dying in the glory of sleep. MR. G I Z ~ G A : Our policy from now should' be positive action. MR. OKITO: Was it not Winston Churchill who said: "It is sweeter and more honourable to die in the battle field than in bed?" MR. MPOLO: For myself, it is a question of giving me complete liberty or I take death! PATRICE LUMUMBA: Are you all here with me prepared to execute any order I dish out to you? MR. EmISTUS: It is where you . die that I must die too Monsiuer Lumumba. ALBERT: This issue is to me a question of life or death. I either live in a free and self governing Congo or I die! m.OKITO: I know that this great battle in front of us will be a b 1 o o d y one, but let no one develop could feet when the hour comes 9 �for ever since we returned from the All African People's Conference held at Accra last month. I knew that Colonialism will have its history written in our country in a very short period from now. PATRICE LUMUMBA: From today, you must all bear arms with which to fight King Baudouin and his Agents. Every Branch of this great party of ours will be given five tons of Ammunition and that of course will be supplemented with weekly supplies. The Commander-in-Chief will be my self while comrade Gizenga will take the office of Deputy Commander - in - Chief Mpolo and Okiro will be FIELD MARSHALS while MR. EVERISTUS will be ' Chief Field Organiser. Albert will be my private Secretary. (HEAR HEAR THEY SHOUT) (AT THIS STAGE A GROUP OF A B 0 U T TWO THOUSAND LUMUMBISTS G A T H E R 0 U T S I D E PATRICE LUMUMBA'S HOUSE CARRYING BANNERS, PALM LEAVES AND A COFFIN. THEY SING SONGS OF PRAISE FOR PATRICE LUMUMBA) ' MR. EVERISTUS: What is happening outside comrades? (At this stage Mr. Antoine Gizenga rushes out to meet the peaceful invaders). (LUMUMBA AND THE REST LOOK ON). ALBERT : Time is flying fast gentlemen. c Enter MR. GIZENGA) PATRICE LUMUMBA: What's the big do Gizenga? MR. ANTOINE GIZENGA : They are all 0 U r men and they have come to tell us that all traffic have been stopped by the surging miIlions waiting �for us. I was made to understand that they beat up a Belgian Army Officer and set his car on fire. Excellent ! The hour h a s come and I am very happy that our country men are behind us. Now comrades. I want to leak a top secret to you: Ghana and Yogoslavia have offered us aid both financially and in kind. Guinea and Russia have sent in arms to us while we are waiting for shipment of food stuff and amunition from the U. A. R. So, as far as arms and money are concerned we are quite okay. PATRE@ LUMUMBA: Enter Molonga Dressed in the Uniform of an army commander. I am sent by millions of our people to tell you that they are ready for war. The scene at the market square is simply indescribably and they want you'to come and issue directives that the battle may start right away. MOLON~A : Let's be on the move my men for every inch of delay is a South Sea of discovery. PATRICB LUMUMBA: AT THIS STAGE PATRICE LUMUMBA MOUNTS ON THE BACK OF HIS HORSE DRESSED IN THE UNIFORM OF A COMMANDER IN CHIEF ARMED WITH A SWORD AND SPEAR HE IS LED IN A VERY LONG PROCESSION TO THE MARKET SQLJARE. (The Scene now shifts to the market Square) (The market Square is filled ten times the capacity) I1 �IN -.THE.THICK CROWD . CAN BE SEEN POSTERS AND BANNERS READING: "AWAY WITH BELGIAN RULE" "YOUNG PATRICE LUMUMBA IS THE KING WE KNOW. DOWN WITH BAUDOUIN" "WE WANT FREEDOM NOW-OR NEVER" "GIVE US LIBERTY OR G I V E LJS DEATH" DRUMMING AND GUN SHOTS CAN BE HEARD TOO. (LUMUMBA ARRIVES) 1 have come good brothers and sisters. So lessen your noise and listen to me for the battle of liberation is going to start from here. MOLONGA: WAR! WAR!! WAR!!! We want war! 1st CITIZEN: Away with the Belgians, their Stooges We want our freedom now or never. 2nd CITIZEN: BRAVO Young Lumumba, The 'second God of the world he is l MR. OKITO: Lessen your noise comrades f o r time is against us. 1st CITIZEN: We want to hear Lumumba please! 2nd. CITIZEN: Oh Lumumba! h e 1 p us for the Belgians have rapped our motherland enotigh! 3rd CITIZEN: My father was shot yesterday in his farm by a white man. I want to revenge Vengeance ! Vengeance ! 1st CITIZEN: Peace loh! Lumumba speaks! MR. GIZENGA: Play cool country men for we are going to............ : .--.ew.-.-.-....... MOLONGA: We want Patrice please! S p e a k Oh Speak Lumumba! We are tired of Belgium and her Agents. PATRICE LUMUMBA: Peace ! Peace ! Comrades !! 3rd CITIZEN: Watch! Young Lumumba is up again ! PATRICE LUMUMBA: �~ N CITIZEN:.. Speak Oh .ye .God of Africa ! D (Stretching out his haniis) My dear' country. men, it gives me much pleasure tb see all of you gathered.here today for the cause of our dear ,Co n go. We are, not wood but men, .and as much, it will be height of our foolishness a n d stupidity to continue to swa1lo.w the atrocities which these hunger stricken Belgian commit against our motherland, Their soldiers have shot down m i 1 l i o n s of o u r .people l They have rapped our innocent daughter and sisters and even our grandmothers! The peacock King of Belgium who claim is .he, is the K i n g of our people has not for a .single day visited this country since 1876' when they occupied. it. We have paid taxes and rates only to see. it sent. over to Brussells for. for the development of the King's Palace. What. a r u b b i s h and what a dirty . record ! It was Booker T Washington of U. S. A. who &id: . . ... "We are a l l . born, 'Free and 'equal, And are. the .slaves of no one." PATRICE LUMUMBA: ' , , ' Was it not that great Indian Leader in the person of Mahatmer Ghandi wKo. said: "The worst type of home rule is better t h a n the most benevolent colonial rule." We have been r u l e d and exploited by Belgium for donkey long years, but now, I am sorry to say that the wind of change will in no time. blow across this great nation of ours. Oh God ! 0 n c e. more we beg Thee for help, for T h o u at the maker of all man kind. �1st CITIZEN: Kill every Belgian:' Lumumba will be our King. LUMUMBA: SO good country men, I don't know what you think within yourselves but for me it is b a t t 1 e from now for I am already in my official war uniform. We are all born equal and I see no reason why one race should lord it over the other. Long, Long ago, when we were ruling ourselves, Belgium was a Country unknown and unheard of in the Continent of Europe. But as soon as they. came to our Country and we opened our doors to them, they began to grew thick, I. PATRICE LUMUMBA will never, never live to see this type of thing going on in my Country. If not for people like old Kassavubu former Gold miner Tshombe who pledge loyalty to Belgium every day, I . think things should have begun to take shape. So right from now, we have declared war. My party has ordered a general strike of all workers tomorrow, and this strike must never end until Belgium bows to our request for Sovereignty. But to start with, a r e you all prepared to strike 7 At this stage, shouts of War! War!! can be heard . from the crowd. CROWD: Yes! We are prepared 1 (They shout) 1st CITIZEN: Let us match to the battle field for this is the hour! 2nd CITIZEN: I shall wash my hands with the blood of a Belgian tomorrow! 3rd CITIZEN: I must carry home the head of a Belgian; PATRICE LUMUMBA: Peace Peace comrades. MOLONGA: PEACE LUMUMBA SPEAKS. , 14 . �NOW k t me ask myself this question: What does Patrice Lumumba's Party plan for an Independent Congo? The answer is this: My party will introduce a unitary form of Government for the Congo. We shall discourage Tribalism in very strong terms aod will make it a policy to see that every. adult is employed. In short, there will be no more unemployment. My party will fix the minimum wages at ten pounds and will reduce taxes. The Belgians will no longer lord it over us and they will then be relegated to rear in our country's political life. IST CITIZEN: What are we. waiting for ? Is the time' for battle not yet due. PATRICE LUMUMBA: ' '(AT THIS STAGE, A BELGIAN MILLIONIARE WITH HIS FAMILY CAN BE SEEN APPROACHING THE MARKET SQUARE IN HIS COSTLY CAR). IST CITIZEN: There comes the enemy! 2nd CITIZEN: Kill him ! Kill him !! 3rd CITIZEN: I'll offer his head to my Juju when. I get home. LUMUMBA: Kill him! Let him be an examble. for the tree of. liberty must be watered ' b i the blood of a tyrant. (AT THIS STAGE, THE ANGRY CROWD SURGED TO THE ROAD AND HALT THE CAR. THEY DRAW OUT THE OCCUPANTS AND SLASH THEM TO PIECES. THEY MARCH HOME WITH WAR SONGS WHILE PARTS OF THE BODIES OF THE BUTCHERED BELGIANS ARE CONSPICUOUSLY DISPLAYED IN FRONT OF THE INFORMAL PROCESSION). END OF SCENE I (Curtain Falls) �SCENE 2 (The First Arrest O Lumumba) f (THE SCENE OPENS IN A LOCAL HOTEL) ENTER PATRICE LUMUMBA, MR. ANTOINE GTZENGA, MR. MPOLO AND MR. OKITO: THEY SIT DOWN AND ORDER FOR BEER. PATRICE LUMUMBA: Yesterday's Rally was a great success. Wonderful! MR. MPOLO: AS Field. Marshals. Okito and myself were kept busy all the night. PATRICE L U ~ M B A - What is th;: Official death roll ? : MR. OKITO: It was at one hundred and ten by 8 a.m. this morning:- one hundred and seven Belgians three Congolese. MR. ANTOlNE GIZENGA: This is just the beginning for a day shall come when they will perish in thousands. PATRICE LUMUMBA A group of Youths Came to me this morning and showed me thirty bloody white heads which they took home as their booty. MR. MPOLO: What will be our next line of action now that every Belgian has taken up arm against us. MR. OKITO: We must be armed too. PATRICE LUMUMBA: Then I must issue an order for the distribution of arms to our men. But they must never attack first unless they are attacked. Enter four Belgian Police Officers assisted by a group of Congolese Policemen. They surround the table and ask Lumumba and his men to take their hands up at gun point. PATR~CELUMUMBA: On what compulsion must I! tell me I �PATRICE LUMUMBA IS BROUGHT BACK AS A PRISONER. HIS HANDS TIED BEHIND HIS BACK. HE SITS WITH CALM DIGNITY. �Chain these men with their hands behind them! They are international communists and murderers. INSPECTOR: Your sun is set Lumumba. You are all going to answer charges of high treason against the state and charges of incitation. (he kicks Lumumba witii his butt while other Constables rought handle the' rest. They are chained togather in one long chain and dragged to a waiting Black Maria. A. S P: . . (Curtain FUNS) END OF SCENE 2 SCENE 3 (THE TRIAL OF LUMUMBA AND H S MEN) I THE SCENE OPENS IN THE LEOPOLDVILLE HIGH COURT. THE COURT IS PACKED TO CAPACITY BY BELGIANS AND THEIR AFRICAN SYMPATISERS. OVER A MILLION LUMUMBISTS GATHER AROUND. A WIRE FENCE ERECTED AROUND THE COURT. THE COURT IS HEAVILY GUARDED). �Enter .:. Registrar, Usher and orher Minor Oficial. LUMUMBA AND HIS MEN ENTER WITH THEIR FEET AND HANDS CHAINED TOGETHER. LUMUMBA'S HAIR AND BEARD IS SHAVED , I N THE OPEN COURT. Enter Counsel for Defence - Barrister Leo und the Crown Counsel. (Enter Chief Justice) COUT~ !!! REGISTRAR: The trial of Patrice Lumumba and his comrades is billed for today! CHIEF JUSTICE: Call Up the case. REGISTRAR: M. 0. W. 12.57159. Patrice Lumumba and three others versus the state. (At this stage, ten constables armed with machine guns escort them to the dock). CHIEF JUSTICE: Read out the charges. REGISTRAR: That you on the 5th of July, 1958, abused the King of Belgium in a pubiic meeting contrary to Sub-section 94 of section 15, of the Criminal Code and thereby guilty of high treason against the state. Are you guilty or not guilty? (He asks them individually.) PATRICE LuMUMBA: Guilty ? ~ h a t ' ; rubbish'! MR. ANTOINE GIZENGA: I n the name of my dear motherland, I am not guilty. USHER: (AT THIS STAGE LUMUMBA IS BEATEN UP AGAIN BY THE BELGIAN POLICE CHIEF. THERE IS WEEPING AMONG THE LUMUMBETS OUT SIDE WHILE THE BELGIANS IN THE COURT ROOM MOCK HIM) 19 �MR. MWLO: That word guilty is foreign to me ! Oh ! God of Africa, I wish you were here with us today ! REGISTRAR: That you on the same day and place, incited the crowd to rage and mutiny which resulted in the death roll of one hundred and fifty souls. Contrary to section 75 of the State's Law. PATRICE LUMUMBA: We are not guilty ! REGISTRAR: The accused persons plead not guilty my lord. CROWN COUNSEL: I am appearing for state my lord. DEFENCE COUNSEL: I am for the defence my lord. CHIPF JUSTICE: What are the facts of the case Mr. Crown Council ? CROWN COUNSEL: Well my lord, the four. accused persons are the leaders of one political party which believes in the use of force for the achievement of their petty ends. This partythe M. N. C. was founded by the first accused person and ever since its inception, there had been a lot of trouble. It all began on the 30th of. June when Patrice Lumuniba asked his country men to resort to violence for the attainment of the so-called Independence. Having poisoned the minds of some illitrate Congolese, he called them .to a meeting at the market square and there, and then in the presence of these accused persons; the first wave of violence started. He ordered his men to kill any Belgian, that comes their way and to look their properties. As he was saying this (and the hearts of his few followers having been poisoned by lies and falsehood) they ran out to the road. halted a Limosine Car and Butchered the occupants, It didn't end there. He Lumumba, having b e e n dressed i n the Uniform of a Commander-in-Chief MR. OKITO: ' �marched then to European Sector of LeopoldvilIe where about one hundred and fifty souls lost their lives. This is a case that must be dealt with properly that with these men here, the wurt may lay an example to other prospective murderers and trouble makers. 1st BELGIAN: Kill them ! Kill them! 2nd BELGIAN: Burn them alive ! USHER: COW^ ! (he Shouts) CHIEF JUSTICE: Let the first accused person go to the witness Box. (Lumumbd L led to the Box) v PATRICE LUMUMBA: I swear by Almighty God that the evidence I shall give in this case shall be the truth and nothing but the truth. CROWN COUNSEL: YOU are Patrice Lumumba ? PATRICE LUMUMBA: Yes, I am. CRCWN COUNSEL: YOU come from the Oriental Province of the Congo. PATRICE LUMUMBA: Yeh ! CROWN COUNSEL: What is your occupation ? PATRICE LUMUMBA: I am a student of contemporary international Politics. And the leader of the all-powerful Congolese National Congress. CROWN COUNSEL: YOU were once a Post Office messenger ? PATRICB LUMUMBA: I was n e v e r a Post Office messenger? CROWN COUNSEL: But you worked in the Post Office sometime age? PATRICE LUMUMBA: Yes, I worked there as an account .clerk and not as a messenger please ! CROWN COUNSEL: YOU address a public lecture on the 5th of July this year? 21 �.-On..that.. day, 1 .:addressed - a meeting .of my people in the market square in my capacity as the President General of my great party. CROWN COUNSEL: YOU.were putting on the uniform of a Commander-in-Chief on that day? PATRICE LUMUMBA: These questions will drive me mad! I know nothing about them! CROWN CCUNSEL: What was the theme o f your lecture on that .day? PATRICE L~IMUMBA: The theme was :- Congolist nationalism versus Belgian imperialism. CROWN COUNSEL: Did YOU not describe the King of Belgium as a pea-cock King on that day? PATRICE LUMUMBA: I don't know, May you know better ! CRQWN COUNSEL: Did YOU not ask your men to slay any Belgian that comes their way and did they not kill the Belgian occupants of a passing Car on your orders and in your presence? PATRICE LUMUMBA: YOU better sit down Mr. Crown Counsel if you have no more question to ask me. I am the lion and the impregnable rock of this country! CHIEF JUSTICE: Will YOU answer the question y o u vandal and murderer of the worst type! PATRICE LUMUMBA: If I am a murderer, I wonder what you and your Belgian brothers are. CROWN COUNSEL: I am sorry my lord, I can't go on with him any longer. CHIEF JUSTICE : His doom will soon be cast. .PATR~CE ZUMUMBA?:. PATRICE LUMUMB.4: No Amount ofpersecution will make me withdraw 22 �my cry, immediate Freedom- for, l...am not :people like Kassavubu and Tshombe . whom you have bought very cheap. This is my .motherland and unless you the Belgians pack -and go home unconditionally, I will never, never rest on my oars. (At this . stage, Lumumba. is hit again by a Belgian officer with the Butt of his riffle. A young Lumumbist runs into the court for vengeance, but he is immediately arrested by constable. The Crown Counsel sits down). COUNSEL FOR DEFENCE: YOU have never been better against Belgians as a race but against their way of administration? PATRICE LUMUMBA: Yes my lord. COUNSEL FOR DEFENCE: In your speech on the day in question, did you give orders to your men to slay any Belgian that came their way as was alleged by the Crown Counsel some few minutes ago. PATRICE LUMUMBA: That allegation is the handwork of a frustrated imperialist agent. I am being judged by them now but a day shall come when I will judge them rather. USIIER: Shut up, YOU blood thirst Villian ! ( Lumumba is beaten up again ) PATRICE LUMUMBA: ( carrying up his eyes ) Oh father in heaven ! into thy hand 1 commend my spirit ! COUXSEL FOR DEFENCE: YOUare fighting for the Freedom of your Country ? PATRICE LUMUMBA: Exactly SO. I will continue to fight for that cause whether death or alive. COUNSEL FOR DEFENCE: YOU are .not a murderer? PATRICE LUMUMBA: I am not a murderer but if 23 �one is branded a murderer simply because he identifies himself with the nationalists of his country, then I am one. CHIEF JUSTICE : Do you want to tell t h i s court that you a t no time asked your people to murder Belgians en-masse? PATRICE LUMUMBA : The hurricane of change is blowing fast across this great continent of ours and when it comes to blow through the Congo, I am afraid ....."... ......, -.-........ Any w a y , I have my consolation in the words of that English Author who once said : "The tree of the liberty must be watered by the blood of a tyrant." CHIFP JUSTICE : Take .that devil down ! (LUMUMBA IS DRAWN OUT OF THE BOX IN A VERY CRUEL AND INHUMAN WAY) ' (GIZENGA ENTERS THE BOX) CROWN CQUNSEL: . YOU are MR. GIZENGA : Yes. CROWN COUNSEL : ' Antoine Gizenga ? YOU are the first accused person's deputy? MR. GIZENGA : I am' the deputy president general of. our great party. CROWN COUNSEL : YOU are incharge of supplying arms to your men? MR. GIZENGA: That is arrant nonsense ! CROWN COUNSEL: Did the first accused person not instruct your men t o kill any Belgian they see on the day he delivered his devilish lecture ? We are men not wood. And as such MR GIZENGA: we must fight back'whenever our God given rights are encroached upon by anybody, we know our 24 �right and. if you deny us of them we shall take them by force when the time comes. CROWN COUNSEL : That's all my lord. (He Sits Down) DEFENCE COUNSEL: You never incited your men to rage and mutiny ! MR. GIZENGA : Never in the list my lord. This Belgians are responsible. DEFENCE COUNSEL : That's all my lord. He Sits Down CHIEF JUSTICE : DO YOU want to tell this court that you and your comrades are not responsible for the recent waves of evidence in this country? MR. GIZENGA: The responsibility for the recent wave of violence should be levied squarely on the Government of Belgium a n d not ourselves. In fact, t h e correct person to stand here ,in the dock should be King Baudouin and n o t Lumumba or m y s e 1 f. But time shall come when things will take shape. CHIEF JUSTICE: Take him down! ' (MR. GIZEPIGA IS DRAGGED DOWN TO THE DOCK) (MR. OKITO ENTERS THE BOX) CROWN COUNSEL : Yes, Mr. Okito you are an active member of the M. N. C. ! MR. OKITO: I am not only an a c t i v e member but a -Senior Official of the M.N.C. CHIEF JUSTICE: What Office do you hold? MR. OKITO : Lumumba I know ! Gizenga 1 know! but who are you? (At this staze, Mr Okito was ordered to kneel down .bur he rejicsed). CHIEF JUSTICE: Are you prepared to w i t h d r a w that statement? MR. OKITO,: 1 repeat: Lumumba I know! Gizenga I know! but who are you? �(Poor. .Okito is at this stage made a n , object of mockery. A piece of cloth is tied against his eyes after -which he is terribly beaten). MR. OKITO: What ever you do to me now will never move me from my stand. It will rather serve as a lubricant- to my elbows. CHIEF JUSTICE: YOU will very soon find yourself a, within the warm embrace of the l w take him down. (HE IS TAKEN DOWN) (MR. MPOW .ENTERS THE BOX) Mr. Mpolo, are you prepared. to answer my questions? MR. MPOLO: I shall .give you a suitable reply to any question you ask me. CRGWN COUNSEL: Am 1 correct to say that you are a l l looked upon by some Congolese as their leaders. MR. MPOLO : We are. the leaders of our people as the King of Belgium, is to Belgians, CHIEF JUSTICE : And your people look on all of you for .directives especially now ? MR. MPOLO : Why not for God3 sake ! CROWN couNsn : You gave the order that resulted in the death of almost two hundred souls? MR. MPOLO: My pkople fought back after sixty years of Belgian Persecution and Maladministration. We are no stones but men! CROWN COUNSEL: That's all my Lord. COUNSEL FOR D ~ C :ENO questions my lord. CHIEF JUSTICE: Have you ,any evidence to call Mr Leo? COUNSEL FOR DEFENCE : We can't intend to c a 11 any one for this case is o n e of such that CROWN COUNSEL: ' �for this. case is one of s u c h that can cause another world war if decided adversely. CHIEF n.sncE : I am afraid we must have to adjourn till tomorrow. Take the accused persons back to the Millitary prison yard. US'HER : Court (He Shouts) (EXIT CHIEF JUSTICE) THE POLICE AND THE BELGIANS). (Currain Falls) END OF SCENE 3 ��SCENE 4 (THE SECOND DAY OF TRAIL) The Court i packed as usual. s (Enter Counsel for STATE AND DEFENCE) Lumumba and his men are brought in amidst car calls and booing. ENTER REGISTRAR .4ND OTHER OFFICIALS ENTER CHIEF JUSTICE us=: CLO-U-R-T ! (He Shouts) CHIEF JUSTICE: Any more Cross Examination ? CROWN COUNSEL: NO my Lord. DEFENCE COUNSEL: I think we should start to address the Court. CHIW JUSTICE: YOU address me first Mr.. Crown' Counsel. CROWN COUNSEL: (Standing with one foot' on the chair) My Lord, as you must have seen this is a very serious case. It is a case that must be decided carefully or we shall have to write out invitations for more w a v e s of violence. These men in the dock no doubt are the culprits and in the name of all that is decent. I appeal to you to inflict the maximum punishment on all them .for if they are allowed to go unpunished, violence will start the very minute they step out of this court premises. Before I go any further, let me refer you to Section 7 1 of the law of Belgium. It reads: "Any person found guilty of inciting a Section of the community- against the order is liable five years imprisonment." ' 29 �. . . . ... . So my Lord, I am now asking):you to carry out your duties properly for thy, hands lay T the fate of over h a l f a million Belgians now resident in the Congo. . . . .. .. ' no Let me refer .you again to the trail of ~ e n ~ a t the."Burning Spear" of Kenya. It, i s . a ta case of exactly the same nature as this buiut,Kenyatta's pretence didn't deceive the Judge. In his record, the trail Judge - Justice Kevin recorded : ''Jon0 Kenyatta no doubt looks innocent but I am convinced that he.is the brain behind the whole ghastly affair. ' I found him guilty of managing the MauMau and.:...........u..............................u-.u.............. .. " . Sir, this is contained in the law of report book 'ot the Kenya High Coutt number 78 Subsection 5 to 7 of Section 10 page 125. If Patrice '~umumbaand his gang of vandals are left to go, they will try to avenge their fall a thousand times and ihat may bring about a situation worse than the notorious Mau -Mau of Kenya. These men are very dangerous; and again my Lord I ask you to imprison them heavily that they may c o m e out properly tutored and tamed. He once swore never to shave his b e a r d until the last Belgian leaves the Congo but alas! Here he is with his Juju beard already shaved. (He .:sits. Down) . ' ' ( S h o u t s of "Kill him ! Kill him! can be heard as ,the Crown Counsel takes his -seat. 30 �COUNSEL FOR .DEFENCE: (Striking his hand on the table).Oh Justice! Where are thou? My Lord, I only havc to ask you not to be misled by the weak citations of my learned friend w h o only citcd the weak points in law to confuse issues. How on earth can - one compare the charges under which these young ' men are charged to those preffered against JOMO KENYATTA? These men here in the dock are innocent and my stand now is to ask for their unconditional acquittal for no primafacie case has been made against them. The prosecution failed woefully to impress the Court on their guilty and I see no reason why they should continuc to suffer. , . In my fifty years experience as a lawyer during which I ' practise in all continents of the world, 1 never heard of a case as cooked and as concocted as this. I know too,well that anybody, can interpret the law to 'suit his own p u r p o s e but 1 have never seen any body playing with the' law as my learned friend did i n his address. This case is a test case and unless it is handed properly, I'm afraid things will get worse. The whole world have their eyes on you; so don't let them down' for the imprisonment of these young hand-. some men w h o s e only guilty is that they raised their voices against Belgium will pay no dividends. In fact, it is when they arc imprisoned that thcir followers will strike to kill!. . ..,.. . . . Let me refer you to' the t'r i a l of Warren .Hastings who was charged on similar offence against the . Rodilles of India. His trial lasted for. seven years.' It is in the law report book of the Privy Council No. 77911 1 Section . 91 verse 8-12 it reads :;.!'Warren Hastings is the most ill used man on earth .................................. 1........;................................... :. He is discharged and acquitted" �. Turn over' again to page 300 Section. 701 paragraphs 1 to 3 of the same book. It is about a case of same nature involving one Mallam Yakor of Singapore. His charges are exactly the same as that with which these young men are charged. The trail Judge in his Judgement recorded:- "I see no reason why Mallam Yakor should be b r o u g h t before this Court. He is discharged and acquitted." So my Lord, I most humbly beg you to discharge these men for they are as clean as the Ostrich. Their own case should not be an exception. If you are not yet satisfied my Lord, let me refer you to another book. It is Dr. Shaw's law report of 1765 turn to page 700 Section 91 Sub Section 112 verses 11-12 It reads: "Case of political nature are often concoted and having weighed ,the evidence produced by the prosecution, I see no reason why Mr. Davies should be brought to my Court. He is accordingly discharged and acquitted" So my Lord, 1 now look on you to discharge and acquit these men for they are not guilty. Even if they are guilty, I think they have suffered enough. I have nothing more to say than to sum up my address with the following words of Shakespears: "The Qudity of Mercy is not Strained. It droppeth as The Gentle rain $om Heaven. It is Twice Blessed. It BIessed Him that gives And .Him that takes ......................................... 19 (He sits down amidst, hand claps and Gation from over a million Lumumbists out side the Court . . premises.) �AT ,THIS STAGE. THE.. :RAIL JUDGE,. WRITES . . .DOWN HIS' JUDGEMENT CHIEFJUSTICE: My dear Lumumba, Gizenga. Okito and Mpolo - the four in one : your doom is cast! I am agree with the prosecution that you - are responsible for the wave of violence that has been devastating this Country. You all tried to prove your selves innocent but - I have my personal conviction. Your defence Counsel is one of the best I h a v e never met since I joined the Judiciary. The defence he put up is quite similiar to Cicero's defence of Miloni. But the Law must have its way. I found all of you quilty and you are all sentenced to two years imprisonment (each) you are not allowed to appeal. PATRICE LUMUMBA : It is a glory to me that I am going to spend eighteen months in the prison yard for the cause of my motherland. We shall come out and give you the toughest b a t t 1 e of your life. (As soon as the youths out side heard that their Leaders have been jailed, they broke into the Court and unleased several gun shots. The Trail Judge takes to his heels while Lumumba and his men. are carried away to the prison yard in a waiting Car. (Curtain Falls) ; END OF SCENE 4 SCENE 5 HAVING COMPLETED THEIR PRISON SENTENCES, LUMUMBA AND HIS MEN ORGANfSE ANOTHER LECTURE. ( I N THE hlARK@T SQUARE) (Curtain Opens) Enter Patrice Lumumba. Mr. Antoino Gizenga, Mr. Okito and Mr. Mpolo. : Bravo my men ! Bravo It is now about two years since I t a 1 k e d to PATRICE LUMUMBA 33 �you last. Oh well those days were spent in the prison yard from where I was released last month and where I planned the next phase of the battle should Belgium continue to subjugate and humuliate our motherland. But I am now very happy inthat I have won complete Freedom for our country. Immediately after our release from prison. the Belgian Government invited us to Brussels for talks having known that an unprecedented situation will arise immediately we step out of jail. In fact, we were taken right from the Prison gate to Belgium and there we fought vigorously. The battle wasn't easy for Belgium wanted to grant Freedom to only a Section of the Congo while she.retains the rest. On July 31st, we shall be free! free for ever! Free from white imperialism! Free from sixty years of bondage and servitude! We shall be free for ever on that day ! But another great battle still lies ahead of us. This will be a bhttle against black imperialism for men like Kassavubu and Tshombe have planned to plant themselves securely in the Government of an Independent Congo. And they are doing this with the complete support of Belgium. Do you want to be ruled by Ksssavubu? NO ! NO ! Lumumba is the man we know! MOLONGA: Away with those traitor ! 1st CITE&: Kassavubu will rule over my dead bodyl MR. MPOLO: Take it coolly my man for Patrice is still speaking. MOLONGA: Bravo comrades, Mpolo and Okito! PATRICE LUMUMBA: A general election to -elect the people that will rule the Congo after THE CROWN: 34 �Independence will be held in a forthnight. So I an1 .now asking you to vote s o l i d l y for my -party . candidates who are men of w o r t h if my party comes to power, it will be life more abundant for every body. We shall i n c r e a s e wages and make those Belgians. who choose to stay to work for us as servants and n o t as masters. We shall abolish the present provincial system of Government for a Unitary Administration. So my dear country men, every thing is left for you to decide on the polling dhy. (HE SITS DOWN AMIDST OVATION AND &ND CLAPS) TWOyears ago when we were being tried by, a Belgian J u d g.e, I told him that one day we the sons of this country will sit to Judge him and that statement will .in less than thirty days time takes shape. KASSAVUBU and his band of Belgian Stooges are now at work. It is their plan to sell the Congo back to Belgium after our Independence and he who ever does that is guilty of sabotage. They want to reap where they haven't sown for when we were sent to prison, this very Kassavubu and Tshombe engaged themselves with daily supper and dinner with our imperialist overlords. For sixty donkey years have we suffered ! For sixty years have our rights been trampled upon I And for sixty years have our great motherland been exploited and subjugated l Why then must we replace Belgian imperialism with black imperialism ? If you make the mistake of voting in these m e n with questionable characters then the fault is yours for Lumumba has done his best by 'securing unconditional Freedom for you 'and me. Belgium wants to remain . in the Congo under a new cloak and this must never happen for one can't eat his cake and have it . . .. . .back again. .MR. MPOLO: �So comrades I now appeal io you to cast your votes for the M.N.C. candidate whom as you know paid the actual price of Freedom. IST CITIZEN: Kassavubu is a stooge and Tshombe a traitor ! ~ N D CITIZEN: We must kill them all. MR. GIZENGA: Comrades! We are free and free for ever but that Freedom-that hard won Freedom, won't be safe if placed in the hands of traitors like Kassavubu and Tshombe. So I don't have much to say except to tell you to get ready for the polling day for on that 'day will be the battle that will decide the fate of the Congo. MoLONGA: Any body who votes for Kassavubu or Tshombe must be killed and his blood used. for watering the tree of eternal liberty ! PATRICE LUMUMBA: - Oh mother Congo! Oh ye gods and godesses I come to the aid of your beloved children ".."........ ................................................ ...- ..... ..... ..... MR. OKITO: VOTE FOR YOUNG LUMUMBA! VOTE FOR HIM! (Curtain Falls) END OF SCENE 5 SCENE 6 THE ELECTION HAVING BEEN OVER, LUMUMBA IS APPPOINTED PRIMEMINISTER WHILE KASSAVUBU IS THE PRESIDENT. The Scene opens in the newly elected Parliament in Leopoldville. (Enter King . Baudouin, Patrice Lvmumba, Mr. Kassavubu, Antoine Gizenga, Moisr Tshombe, Mr. Mpolo, Mr. Okito and other elected members. The gallery is filled by anxious Congolese who want. to witness the proclaimation of Independence) ' �~ ~ ~ - ~ u D Mr. , Resident, : o ~ I N Prime Minister and Deputies. It gives me much p 1 e a s u r e to be present here with you to-night. This c o u n t r y otherwise known as the C o n g o had been under the administration of my Government since the time of King Leopoldville. We have been governing it from 1876 and now as I sit here with you, I can see a lot of exciting developments and improvements. Before your country came under the rule of Belgium, history tells us that things were as dark and crude as hell. But right now, things have changed. We have taught you modern Architecture, we have built Schools, Colleges, Hospitals and even Universities. To be candid, it is with a lot of regret that we are allowing you Freedom f o r it puzzles my i m a g i n a t i o n when I start to think of what Belgium's fate will look like when h e r most important .arm is out' off. - You are going to be self governing as from today and that will mean exposing this g r e a t country of yours to all amount of c o m m u n i s t infiltration and indoctrination for a 1 r e a d y I can sport a lot of communists in this parliament. Though you are going to be self governing, we in Belgiums will extend to you the right h a n d of friendship so that a cordial atmosphere will continue to exist between the two countries. About all, I want you to treat my s u b j e c t s who may elect to say in your country as friends, and brothers and not as enemies for without them, t h e Congo would not have been whht it is to-day. . The elections have come and gone ! that won't make me not to express. my great disappointment at the results for no single party won. e n o u g h . �seats to .:form ..a. government' Anyway,. after : long:: and protracted' negotiations, Mr. . Kassavubu h a s been. appointed President while m y bearded friend Lumumba is the Prime Minister. Finally, I hereby declare your country Independent. . . (He Sits Down) . . PATRICE LUMUMBA: (HE PULLS HIS BEARD) Mr.' President, honourable deputies, my Joy today is simply wonderful for my eyes h a v e .seen the salvation of my dear and beloved Congo. We the nationalists who. suffered all amount of deprivation of God given liberty and persecution right in the very nose of the. Belgium K i n g, know too well that the battle wasn't easy. M o s t of us h a v e been jailed serveral times; others have had their properties confiscated. All for the sake of Freedom which we have now won and which I will assure you will be properly pres e r y e d. As the Prime Minister, it falls under my potfollio to appoint my . Minister and that I have done already. Mr. Gizenga that Keg of Political g u n powder is the deputy Prime Minister while Mr. Mpolo is the Minister of Youth. Mr. Okito is the Vice President of the S e n a t e and others which I will have to announce later. Our country is now free and it is o u r duty to m a i n t a i n this hard won Freedom that the Congo may one day be a nation to be reconed with in Africa and in t.h e comity of nations. I t . is a great disappointment t o . note that a country as big, and as populous as the C o n g o has no single indigenous Doctor. No single .lawyer a n d not even a graduate. We have not enough Schools and Hospitals. .. . �We have no .trained Teachers and Nurses. And yet still, this shameless pealcock King of -Belgium in this proclaimation of Independence said that Belgium boasted our social and economic position. 1 wonder what they did for me! The shameless monhrch bragged that he built Schools and every thing for us forgetting that his hunger stricken country men have for sixty good years fed fat on the rich mineral resources of our country. Yesterday was their day but today is ours! The Civil service, the 'army and every brand of government. activity must be Africanised that . we may show this bragged Jungle King 'that can rule ourselves properly without the help of this hungry brothers and sisters. Let those white bigots who feel too proud and who feel they can't work under the African pack and go with their King tomorrow for an Independent Congo has no. room for nonsense and redundancy. Our foreign policy will be one of none alignment with any power block. We shall respect any fiation that respects us. Let me cease this opportunity to announce that the Belgian head of the army will have' his appointment . terminated tomorrow for general Lundulrr has been appointed to head the army. This is one of series of appointments aimed at nationalising our civil and armed services. Let no one look on me to say thank you for granting us Freedom for we all were born free by God. Right from today, there is nothing again like the "European. Sector of Leopoldville" or "European Clubs" for I see no reason why Belgians should come from five thousand miles away to lord over 14 m i 1 l i o n Congolese. Again . I repeat; yesterday was their day, today. is ours! �I shall be a very good man to order the arrest of every Belgian and the confiscation of their properties for that was how they treated us when we were under their rule, but we are God fearing Leaders. It is only history and prosperity that will tell. .(Lumumba sits down amidst great ovation. The King of Belgium who had been listening to Lumurnba's speech having grown annoyed walks out of Parliament before the scheduled t i m e for his departure. .MOISE TSIIOMBE : I' fail to agr:e with Lumurnba ! The Ministries must be shared ! If my party is not given three ministries, 1 am sorry we shan't team up with the government. It is a question of must. PATRICE LUMUMBA : That is arrant n o n s e n s e! Complete rubbish ! I am the Prime Minister and -it is within my entire jurisdiction to appoint any body to any Ministry I like. I am not prepared to take dictations from any body. MR. MUMUNGO: The Ministries m u s t be shared You either agree or YOU count us out of your government !PATRICE LUMUMBA: Gone are the days when you got every thing you wanted from your Belgian friends ! I am now the Prime Minister and you must either take to my orders or you are doomed! MOISE TSHOMBE: We the Katanga block are not prepared to form a government with you unless our request is granted. I .see no reason why Katanga which is the bad rock of Congo wesllth should be excluded from the cabinet. PRESIDENT KASSAVUBU : Listen Mr. Tshombe; You must not give us head-ache for it is �Within the authority of Prime Minister to appoint::any :-body Minister. -MOISE TSHOMBE: Katan~ais no more in the Congo! We are going lhome to form 'our own government. LUM'UMBA: Congo must be one, one Congo! one God! one Africa! If Tshombe thinks he can carry out his threat successfully, let him try and see if he doesn't get . him under , the warm hands of the almighty law. TSHOMBE: We of Katanga are no more with you ! We are going home and should I find any one of y o u within t h e . boundries of Katanga! woe unto that fellow. (AT THIS STAGE MOISE TSHOMBE LEAVES THE PARLIAMENTARY BUILDING WITH ---HIS MEN) PATRlCe LUMUMIIA: the Congo must bs one! it must be ruled from Leopoldville! MR. OKITO: One Congo One Government! MR. MPOLO: Shame! Shame! Tshombe. MR. ANTOINE GIZENGA:' Tshombe and his men are traitors. They have already sold Katanga to Belgium. (Curtain Fldls) ~ --- ~ - - - - END OF SC~NE 6 SCENE 7 (In Leopoldville) MOISE TSHOMBE DISCUSSES WITH KASSAVUBU IN THE LATER'S HOUSE. KASSAVUBU AGREES TO SUPPORT TSHOMBE IN HIS REQUEST FOR THREE MINISTERS. . (CURTAIN OPENS) -. (Enter ~asshvubtl, Moise Tshombe, Munungo and Kalinjo) PRESIDENT KASSAVUBU: Well Mr. Tshombe, I have invited you to my house that we might sit - ' �.. tQ&ther and,.: solye ,.qu$,.things. ourselves. It will be a mighty: shame to us if we begin to . fight ourselves now; It is quite a pity Mr. .............. .....,....... 'Lumumba is not here but .............u MOISE TSHOMBE: I. will walk out from the meeting if I see him here.. Christ and Devil cannot occupy a single soul! Lumumba is a satan and I can't afford to sit in a conference with him!. K~SSAVUBU: YOU are asking for three Ministers isn't it ? TSHOMBE: by right, we should have more than that, but. due to the fact. that many parties are representated in the parliament I decided to ask for only three. KASSAVUBU: Should in case I compel him to concede one to you ? M U N V N ~ O : Why should we allow ourselves' to be dragged to the. rear ? What claim can that mad Lumumba put forward. tb show that he is the most suitable fellow to occupy the Prime klinister's chair. While people like Ileo,' who '~shombe, myself and a lot of others began playing .politics when Lumumba's father had not been born, are still alive; you thought it fit to appoint him your Prime Minister. What a n insult ! What a mese up ! Down with Lumumba! KALINJO : My own point is thht my party should also be in the cabinet. KAS~AVUBU: You must try to considerate Tshpmbe, if you are given .three ministers how many will be left? MUNUNGO : We want three important Ministries and thats all. Without that we of Katanga will secede. ' ' - ' 5 �KASSAVUBU.: . If Katanga. which. is-the -soulcof..Con: .. . go's.. ec6noiny.'.!secedes,: what then will ..be left .... . . . ... of Congo? TSHOMBE : It's because..we are the bad-rock of the economy :of. the whole.. Congo that we are asking. for three important Ministers. It seems you underatec! the 'importance of Katanga when you were sharing the Ministers. KASSAVUBU: You people have begun to give me a lot of head-ache. Anyway 1'11 do my. best. When parliament is in session tomorrow, I will raise the matter myself. We shall give . you three Ministers but not important ones as you have been describing it. TSHOMBE: If YOU do that, 1' 1 be Very grateful to YOU. 1 MUNUNGO: Thank you very much Mr. President But what is the position of Lumumba, is he still in the cabinet? KASSAVUBU: We shall discuss about that later on. TSHOMBE: Cherio Mr. President. We meet tomorrow in the Parliament. (EXIT KALINGJO, MUNUNGO AND MOISE TSHOMBE) ' (ENTER COLONEL MOBUTU) (He salutes the President in. the oficial manner) KASSAVUBU: Welcome Mr. Mobutu, Anything wrong? MOBUTU: I have come to discuss the trend of events in our country with you. rAssnvusu: Mr. Tshombe has just left. He told me' that he wasn't prepared to join in the government unless he is given three Ministries. MOBUTU: Lumumba is not prepared to give him even one! KASSAVUBU: I know too well. But if we allow this situation to continue, it all means we are scaring away investors. We are yet under 43 �developed and anybody doing anything calculated to scare away oversea investors is the true ' enemy of Congo. MOBU~U: How-be-it, we must not allow this state of affairs to continue. Lumumba must either agree to Tshombe's request or we deal with him severely ! KASSAWBU: That boy is actually mad ! Even in cabinet meetings he has never has respect for me, knowing fully well that I am the father of the state. MOBUTU: Why don't you sack him and appoint some other person ? KASSAVUBU: It will be very unconstitutional if I do so. His friends in Ghana, Tunis, Russia and other countries will fight us. MOBUTU: Every thing must be settled tomorrow when Parliament meets. Lumumba must either agree to Tshombe's request or the army will step in. KASSAVUBU: I think that is what we should do. but it must be planned. You will be around with your men properly armed, so that if Lumumba refuses to grant Tshombe's request, you come in with your men and neutralise the house. MOBUTU: That is a nice idea. but who will ibrm the government after the neutralisation of Parliament ? KASSAVUBU; You can't appoint University Students to do it under my direction. MOBUTU: Lumumba will meet his waterloo tomorrow I (Curtain Falls) END OF SCENB 7 �SCENE 8 THE SCENE OPENS I N PARLIAMENT. (Curtain Opens) ENTER KASSAVUBU, LUMUMBA: GIZENGA MUNUNGO, OKITO, MPOLO AND OTHER DEPUTIES. TSHOMBE: Before this house discusses anything; I want to know what the Prime Minister's opinion is about my request for three Ministries. PATRICE LUMUMBA : That matter is gone and gone .for ever ! I told you last time that as long as 1 remain the Prime Minister, no Ministries will be alloted to your party. KALINGJO: That is rubbish! You must either share the Ministries among all the parties or I' m afraid..... ....-..-... ........................... .q"..-.. ............................. ". ..,..... ......... GIZENGA : We want one Congo ! . MR OKlTO : Away with Tshombe a n d his gang of ex-miners! MR MPOLO : Tshombe doesn't know he was gambling with fire when he threatened to secede from the Congo. He is not serious but if he feels he is, let him try and see what becomes of him.. KASSAVUBU: I see' no reason why all the Ministries should be held by the Prime Minister's Party.. The present Ministerial set up must be reshuffled if there will be peace in this country , of ours. PATRICELUMUMBA : I won't be happy with Mr. president. if you poke your nose'into a matter that is entirely within my authority. 'You are only the President and nothing else ! KASSAWBU : YOUmust either share the Ministries as demanded by minority parties or you get' it hot. ' 45 �a . With the. powers confered on me by Section 909 of the Congo Constitution, I thereby sack Mr. Kassavubu as the President. He is. no more the President and no one should from this very moment address him as such ! MR.. MPOLO: Bravo! Bravo! Lumumba! May the Lord God spare your life that you may lead. the Congo to an enviable position. KASSAVUBU: What right hive you to sack the man that appointed you Prime Minister? You , might as well sack 'the whole members of this . house. PATRICE LUMUMBA: (ENTER COLONEL MOBUTU AND HIS MEN PROPERLY ARMED) I, general Mobutu the. Chief of Congolese Amiy hereby declare this house . neutralised. You are unable to rule the country and now - the army wants to take over. Will everybody please walk out of this building! KASSAVUBU: ~ a k e note general Mobutu; Lumumba is no more the Prime Minister. from today. I have appointed Mr. Ileo to his post. LUMUMBBA: That is ............................................ ........-...-..-... MOBUTU: I don't want to hear anybody talk! From to-day I as the Chief of Staff of our army have neutralised all politicians and Parliament. My men will occupy the Parliamentary building from now with the order to shoot anybody found within the radius of 50 yards. So walk out everybody or we f i e ! MOBUTU: , (At this stage everybody including Lumumba is pushed out of the Parliament.) . . ' �(PRESIDENT KASSAVUBU IS CALLED BACK BY MOBUTU) Well done Mobutu. You have done a nice job. MOBUTU: What will become of Lumumba? That boy is a wild beast and if we leave him alone, I am afraid he will cause more damages. KASSAVUBU: What do you want us to do with him? MOBUTU: Left to me, I should suggest his immediate arrest. KASSAWBU: YOU can do so for the whoie machinery of government is in your hands. MOBUTU: 1 aIli going home to send two hundred of my men to arrest him! That fellow is some body .that should not be allowed to exist. KASSAWBU: But he is already under the protection of Ghananian U. N. Soldiers. MOBUTU: Then I m u s t send my men to watch him too for he can easily stow away to Stanlyville un-noticed. If he is allowed to get there, then it is good-bye to peace and harmony in our newly Independent Country. KASSAWBU: I have no objection M o b u t u. We must do away with that boy now or never. KASSAWBU: (Curtain Falls) END OF SCENE 8 SCENE 9 THE SCENE OPENS 1N PATRICE LUMUMBA'S HOUSE IN LEOPOLDVILLE. Oh God l How are the mighty fallen and the weapons of war perished! Why oh good God should you let me to be treated like LUMUMBA: 47 �this! What sins have I committed against you and motherland Africa! If I have sinned, forgive me, Oh! Ye God of gods! ..... MRS. LUMUMBA: What is wrong my dear?' Did ' Nkrumah. o f ' Ghana not suffer . as we are suffering now ? Why should you pronounce such touching words? . . Oh God! Give me the strength to withstand what ever comes my way for I am now in the hands of my enemies! They are working fast against me and I trust you will show me the way! P A ~ C E LUMUMBA: . . Never 'mind'Patrice for a day shall come when your words will be the Supreme order 'of the day. . . GIZENGA: . . . . Mother Africa ! Where are you! .Or .have you not heard the. cry of your beloved son -. Lumumba? MR. MPOLO: 'This is the state of man. Today he puts on:'the tender .... leaves of hope .-................. Tomorrow bossems....".- ,..... ........ : On the third day comes a frost, . . A killing frost, And when he falls, He falls like lucifer, Never to.rise again !'' MR. OKITO: ; .. SPIRIT: ' LUMUMBA! -LUMUMBA! where are you? ' PATRICE LuMUMBA: .. .calling me. - . Listen gentlemen, somebody is (He listens carefully) 48 . ' . �SPIRIT: LUMUMBA ! LUMUMDA!! LUMUMBA !!! PATRICE LUMUMBA: Who are you please? I can't see you I SPIRIT: I am the Spirit of the Lord and I have come to pass words to you. Are you listening? ( A t this stage, Lumumba kneels dowr; near the walI from where the invisible voice comes). PATRICE LUMUMBA: SPIRIT: ,In I am listening my Lord ! less than five minutes from now, your opponents will come to arrest you. But they will be kept out of your house by the U. N. Ghananian Troops guarding you. You should arrange for the immediate removal of your three children to Egypt-the land of Freedom. If you remain in this h o u s e for five days more, you will be killed with your men. So you must be prepared to escape too a s soon as it is 5 a. m. tomorrow. That's all and byebye. (The voice of the spirit dies away.) MRS. LUMUMBA: With whom were you talking dear? PATRICE LUMUMBA: I have just received a message from God. We are instructed to send Francois Patrice and Juliana to Egypt for Mobutu's men will be here very s o o n:; So you better leave now to the Egyptian Embassy through a private out let with them all, the Ambassador will see them through to Egypt. FRANCOIS: Oh father Luniumba, You h a v e been treated as a wild bush animal. But be rest assured that God will pay those traitors back in their own coins. JULIANA: 1 am a little child out but my advice is that you should face every odd that comes your way with confidence. ' �p~nuce: Woe unto he or she t h a t will cause the lose of a single hair of my dad! I shall give that man the toughest battle of his life when I'm grown up. (At 'this stage Lumumba carries them one by one in his arms and gives them fare well kisses. He weaps as his wife takes them out through a back door). PATRlCE LUMUMBA: "The air is dry and cold as marble, The 'weather bleak at freezing point, But still my plucky voice can marble A song that can not disappoint. The waves are rough and fierce and tameless. The ocean mad with raging gale, But still my gallant heart, so doubtless Will face the storm without avail, The world, it seems, has turned against And I am left to face it all, I can with spirit determined see The wonders of this earthly ball. The grim reaper may come so closer Entanging me so needlessly, But still my fate can be a poser Which can its subterfuge allay." �Yes, the world lras turned against me but I hope and pray that a day shall come when I will sit in my glory to pay the shameless traitors back in their own coins. MR. MPOLO: What shall we do? Oh thou hero of the Congo! We are being hunted like thieves simply because we won Freedom for our country. We must either swim together or we sink together. MR. OKITO: We must escape from this house and .move straight to Stanlyville for we are not sure of our lives as long as we are in this part of the country. PATRICE LUMUMBA: I have just been told about ten minutes ago to escape to Stanlyville. MR. MPOLO: There are Mobutu's men outside! Oh God! Why should you foresake us in this hour of great trial! What sacrileges did we commit against you and our motherland! MR. OKITO: Since man is so inhuman. To his fellow being, And I am left To face the trial alone ".-........ ..............-.... .--...... Since ... PATRICE LUMUMBA: Come on comrades, and get set for the escape. If in the cause of it, we are killed, then must we know that we have been destined to die in active Service for our dear Congo. MR. OKITO: Then will our names be a household word all over the Congo. MR. MPOLO: I will be a million times happy if I were to die for my country. (At this stage led by Lumumba, ' Mr. Okito. Mr. Mpolo and Albert escape from the house un-noticed) (Curtain Falls) BND OF SCENE 9 51 �(THE SCENE OPENS IN LEOPOLDVILLE PRISON YARD) (Lumumba having been arrested with Mr. Mpolo and Mr. Okito is brought to the prison yard). His enemies mock him. �.. . ... . ENTER .. . . (CURTAIN OPENS) .i PATRICE LUMUMBA, MR. .. AND MR. MPOLO. i , ' - OKITO . (Three of them :are chained together. Lumumba has his head shaved). They are led into the yard by a thousand soldier. They are made to sit on the floor in the prison yard. , Enter ' ~ a s s a v ~ b uMobutu. Zleo, Munungo, and Tshombe. MOBUT~: a soldier) where is thit mad dog? SOLDIER: There they are Sir. (he points) KASSAVWBU: I told him that he would one day sign his own death warrant. TSHOMBE: Today I am a very happy man. Can you talk to me a g a i n as you did last week in ' Parliament? (he asks Lumumba after w h i c h he, spits on his face). L~JMUMBA: why should' I not! The worst you i n ' do is to man-handle me1 On the last day God . will not ask thy racer Nor will de see& c w birth! But alone he will demand of thee, What hast thou done on earth ! KASSAVUBU: (He kicks Lumumba on the face) Shut up! You devilish idiot! If you talk more. 1 will order my men to give you twelve strokes of the cain on your bare bottom. MR. MPOLO: Woe unto you Traitors! Woe unto you enemies of the Congolese people! MOBUTU: Give these men twenty four strokes of the cain each! (They are all stripped naked and punished severely). PAIRICE LUMUMBA: Oh ye black race of Africa! . Belgium has s t a b b e d you: I am happy, I ' skin^ 53 �have won Freedom for my people. He w h o ever causes the loss' of a single drop of my Blood will be called to order by our people. Are you prepared to beg for your pleasure? PATRICE LUMUMBA : O n what compulsion must I? Tell me! The worst you can do is to kill me and that won't bother me at all. ,Was Mahatma Ghandi of India not killed by the people he spent his life saving for? Was Solomon Bendaraniake.of Ceylon not shot to death by the people for whom he secured' Freedom ? MR. OKITO: Today is your day but no one knows who owns tomorrow. MOBUTU : Shut U ! p TSHOMBE: If this man is left 'here I'm afraid he will escape again. But if he is handed over to me it will be very, very impossible for .him to escape. KA~SAVUBU,: I support you Tshombe for if he is left here in Leopoldville, he won't find it difficult to'plot the overthrow of my government from the prison cells. Take him right away to Katanga. KALINGJO! Yes, You are doomed Lumumba! For Okito I say good bye and to Mpolo 1 say a happy death. At this stage the three men are taken to the Air port from where they are flown to Katanga. MUNUNGO: Moise, Tshombe and Munungo join the same Plane. KA~SAWBU : I instructed Tshombe to get Lumuinba killed, the minute they get to Etizabethville. MR. ILEO: Thats nice Mr. President; ,We are now free from trouble and anarchy. �(THE SCENE SHIFTS TO KATANGA) (Stepping down from the plane) Lumumba should be driven in 'one o f the army jeeps to camp 1. When you get there, tie them individually against those pillars outside. I am coming with Munungo to give him his place in lie. TSHOMBE : SEXGEANT: Yes Sir; (he shouts) At this stage, Mr. Munungo and Moise Tshombe ride away in a waiting car. Immediately after their departure, Lumumba and his men are dragged down from the plane by Katanga army officers. They are made to dance the entertainment of o v e r a million Katanga people who gathered around t h e Airport. They are later driven to the army camp. (THE SCENE SHIFTS TO ARMY CAMP 1. IN KATANGA). IST SOLDIER: (he slaps Lumumba) Do you think you are in Leopoldville where you sit in your house to talk any rubbish: You are all gone; gone for ever; Tshombe will teach you a lesson when he comes. Enter Tshombe, Munungo and Kassavubu who flew into Katanga to witness the slaughter of Patrice Lumumba and his co-nationalists. Where are you at last Lumumba? Your doom is cast; You are now going to pay the price of your past astrocities. TSHOMBE: YOU can do whatever you like now. But .remember you must account for our lives on the last day. PATRICE LUMUMBA: �KASSAWB~: . . How MR. OKITO: . . . TSHOMBE: are the. mighty: fallen Thou Traitors ! : .' . . I 'am going. to. make you die the most ignominous death ever known l You must be killed for lions like you shouldnot,be allowed to exist. The best place for you is the grave and very soon you'll find yourselves there. . . . . : The evil that men do lives after them1 F Z v a n t to. .reap where you didn't sow ! MUNUNGO: Shut Up ! YOU beast 1''. Officer ! (he shouts) . Yes Sir 1, . TSHOMBP:. OFFICER: , Slap each and every one of them'! (The army officer carries out the duty assigned to him by -his President ) LUMUMBA: This. is not enough, for here lies the . . .other. side .of. my face. T S H ~ B E : .It is now time '~umumba. You have lived enough and you have confused the ...' world enough. You can no longer go to Leopoldville to fool - people as you like. MR. MPOU): Oh! Mother Africa I we are dying for thy sake! MR. OKITo: Africa will revolt against' ' this act 'of human massacre. PATRICE: My dear comrades! Though I .am. left . here alone to pay the price of Freedom and 'Liberty ! Nevertheless, I am sure you are all here with me in spirit. My heart is sour not ' because I am going to die, but because the machinery .of Government will soon .fall into the hands of sinners and day light killers. TSHOMBE: 56 �I have been mocked 1 I have been beaten up several times! I once asked for wate; and. .I was, offered,poison I What - atrocity is it that has not' been committed on me ! When the contemporary history of this nation will come to be written histotriaus will not fall to write against everybody's .name what his deeds on earth were. Some of us will be Saints while others will be satans. Though my head. is going to be cut off, my name will remain green in the panteon of Congo history I I am being killed not because I have stolen or lied but because I refused to compromise with traitors and evil doers. TSHOMBE: A= Where is the' axe man? MAN: 1 am here Sir. TSHOMBE: DO your job1 (AT THIS STAGE, ABOUT HUNDRED SOLD- IERS .CARRY LUMUMBA AND'- LAY HIM ON THE GROUND WITH HIS HEAD LAYING ON A PIECE OF.WOOD ) I repeat; Though my head is going to be cut off, my name will be written in diamond letters when the History of the Congo will come to be written. PATRICE LUMUMBA: 57 ��PRESIDENT TSHOMBE PRESIDENT TSHOMBE WHO INSTALLLD HIMSELF AS THE LORI) OF CONGO. 59 �MR. GIZENGA MR. GIZENGA. ONE OF THE LUMUMBA'S CHIEF DUPUTIPS �Yes I know 1 a m . a sinner, but you . have no power over me as I have over you now. You must die. TSHOMBE: What is it that is fearful about ( As death ? What is it that ........................................... he was about to complete that sentence the axe rose and fell on his neck. His head is cut off and he is dead. May poor Lumumba's soul rest in peace. Amen! After this cruel death, Mr. Okito and Mr. Mpolo were held and killed in like manner ). PATRICE LUMUMBA: OFFICER: Where shall we bury them Sir? Burn their. bodies. Make sure they are all burnt to ashes before you leave the spot. remove their heads to the department of antiquities for they will be preserved and taken round the whole villages. TSHOMBE KASSAVUBU: What shall we tell the world Tshombe? 1 am going to announce to the world that Lumumba escaped from custody and was killed by angry villagers who refused to surrender his body. TSHOMBE: Mpolo and Okito will also be mentioned as having been killed by the angry remote villagers. That's good Tshombe, see how that fool shakes like a caged rat. He is gone and gone for ever. KASSAVUBU: (Curtain F d h ) END OF SCENE 61 10 �SCENE 1 1 (In Katariga) (TSHOMBE CALLS A PRESS CONFERENCE) Curtain Opens Enter Tshombe, his Ministers and Belgian advisers Enter press men. TSHOMBE : Welcome gentlemen, 1 have summoned all of you this meeting and make an important announcement. Patrice Lumumba and his two comrades escaped from their cell today by 2 p.m. It is understood that there were seen heading towards Stanlyville in a black car. The sum of two thousand pounds will be paid out of the National Bank of Katanga to anybody that can furnish information that will lead to their arrest. The Army and the Police have been altered and they are now searching for them through air and land. They over powered the three guards looking after them and ceased their riffles. That's all. TSHOMBE: MESSENGER: (Enter Messenger with a letter Who has that letter? lt's for YOU Sir. . (TSHOMBE READS THE LETTER) I have just been informed that Lumumba and his men have been arrested and killed by some angry remote villagers? Isr PRESS MAN: What is the name of the village ? TSHOMBE: That is none of your business. TSHOMBE: �( EXIT. PRESS MEN,. TSHOMBE AND HIS 'MINISTERS ) The Scene Shifts to ~eo~oldvill;! IST LUMUMBIST: Tshombe has killed our leader,! We shall revenge his death a million times. 2nd LUMUMBIST: Where is Lumumba ? Your traitor -Kassavubu 1 You have killed him ! 3rd LUMUMBIST: Come on comrades ! Let's be on the war path. ( The Scene Shifts to St~nlyville ) MR. GIZENGA : ( addressing a mass rally of young Lumumbists,) My dear comrades ! the long awaited press release has just been published ! Tshombe, Mobutu and Kassavubu have murdered Lumumba. They have not only murdered us here in Stanlyville but the black race as a yhole. We must revenge his death and even if it will cost us our blood, let no one be worried for they who are greater than us are now dead! We are going to declare Stanlyville the seat of the official Congo Government and right from now, shall we have every Belgian arrested and killed for it is them that will pay the price of the blood shed by comrades, Lumumba, Okito and Mpolo. So let everybody go and get set for this is the hour of great battle. 1st LUMUMBIST: Woe unto he that killed our LUMUMBA! Tshombe and Kassavubu must be killed. GIZMGA : Are you all ready to fight the enemies? Yes ! Yes ! (they shout) (Curtain Falls) - END OF SCENCE I 1 THE END 63 �LUMUMBA AND HIS CHILDREN From left - right are Juliana, Francois, Patrice and their Father behind them. ��BOOKS PUBLISHED BY A. ONWUDIWE & SONS' 3s : 6d Love in Infallible Tshombe of Katanga 3s :6d The way to make friends with Girls 3s :6d The h b o u r of Man ls:6d Boys and Girls of Nowadays 2s : 6d Mabel the Sweet Honey that Drops Away 3s : 6d To Rule is a Trouble 2s : O d d 2s :O Agnes in the Game of Love Miss Rgsy ,in the Romance of True Love 2s :6d Family Birth Register 3s :6d Dr. Zik in the battle for Freedom ' 3s : 66 The Disappointed Lover 2s :6d The Last Days of Lumumba 3s :6d The Sorrows of Love 2s : 6d How to Write Love Letters Toast 3s : 6d and Business Letters How to write Successful Letter and 2s : gd Applications . Elizabeth my Lover 2s : 6d How to know who Loves you 2s : O d Others in Preparation Printed by TRINITY PRINTING PRESS, Y MOORE STREET. Net , , , , , , , , , , : . ,, ,, , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , ,, ,, , , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Onitsha Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The last days of Lumumba (the late lion of the Congo); a drama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Iguh, Thomas Type The nature or genre of the resource Onitsha market literature Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Onitsha, Nigeria, A. Onwudiwe & Sons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961? Language A language of the resource English Subject The topic of the resource Lumumba, Patrice, 1925-1961 Nigerian literature (English) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ksrl.c3302 Description An account of the resource This play is a historical drama by possibly the most prolific playwright of Onitsha Market Literature. Iguh writes in his preface that the purpose of the play is to inform readers of the last days of Lumumba and the manner in which he died. He then declares his work fictional rather than a true account. Although many of the pamphlets make similar claims, it is a curiosity as to why Iguh made these two contradictory statements.<br /><br />The pamphlet contains many photos of Lumumba, Mobutu, Tshombe and other political players. These photos appear to be taken from newspapers and other accounts of Lumumba, the coup and his arrest. Additionally, scenes appear to be taken from court proceedings or parliamentary records. The photos and court proceedings add weight to Iguh's initial statement about informing the public,but they also seem to contribute to the fictive quality of this play.<br /><br />With these photos and court proceedings, Iguh creates a fictive Lumumba who is Christlike. In a court scene before the Belgian colonial officials, the counsel appears to be a Pontius Pilate questioning a militant Christ who is much more the lion than the lamb:<br /><em>You better sit down Mr. Crown Counsel if you have no more question [sic] to ask me. I am the lion and the impregnable rock of this country! . . . I am being judged by them now but a day shall come when I will judge them rather,</em>(pg.22-23).<br /><br />This scene follows a triumphant procession of Lumumba riding a horse into the market square with his followers who wave palm branches and proclaim him King of the Congo. It ends with Lumumba commending his spirit to God and declaring that he will fight the Belgians dead or alive. Thus, Lumumba's role as savior does not end with the Belgians leaving the Congo and his ascension as Prime Minister. Rather, it continues into the postcolonial state after his death.<br /><br />While the characterization of Lumumba is Christlike, Mobutu, Tshombe, and Kassavubu play Judas in order to complete the biblical imagery and comparison.The spirit of God speaks to Lumumba and foretells his arrest by Mobutu and his subsequent death. The spirit also advises him to send his family to Egypt, the land of Freedom. Lumumba and two of his "disciples" are placed on wooden boards, beheaded and burnt. The play ends with a press release stating that the three were killed by villagers. The Lumumbists declare that the "black race as a whole" has been murdered and they shall be revenged. <br /><br />Iguh's play has a definite message that appears to be carefully crafted to create a distrust of corrupt governments throughout Africa. In an essay published in the <em>Journal of Modern African Studies</em> in 1964, K. W. J. Post argues that the attention paid to Lumumba as "the martyr, saint and [...] god" (pg.406) reflects an educated, Pan-Africanist reading public, but even more importantly, this reading group is deeply suspicious of and "opposed to the Nigerian status quo," (pg.413). He also argues that it is significant that this play and other pamphlets about Lumumba "have almost all been published in Onitsha, a town on the River Niger which is the 'gateway to the East," (pg.411). This play was originally performed at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in the eastern region and revived for a production in Lagos, (pg.405). Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. However, for this Item, either (a) no rights-holder(s) have been identified or (b) one or more rights-holder(s) have been identified but none have been located. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/</a> https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/a13a85fcdd6042e197d63f4daa91450c.jpg 2085a4c36ce96e9f168cd7e5a3fbc6d6 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data printed book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Agnes in the Game of True Love</em> Subject The topic of the resource Chapbooks, Nigerian --Specimens. Nigerian literature (English) --Nigeria --Onitsha --Specimens. Onitsha market literature. Description An account of the resource Cover title: <em>Agnes in the Game of Love</em>; Preface gives drama’s title as <em>Agnes in the Game of True Love</em>. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Onitsha, Nigeria : A. Onwudiwe & Sons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [approximately 1962?] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="%20 https://catalog.lib.ku.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?bbid=3013575" target="_blank">C3282</a> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Iguh, Thomas Englishes https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/13350fc5851be022e139d283c6691dae.jpg cd2d8fa7cc8200fd7beac29ccb1da761 https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/18bc628c95ddc57e11f295ad5b632a7c.jpg 462657e52e4c07002b9c0f2ac1709070 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Travel, Tourism, and Transmission of Knowledge in and around Japan Description An account of the resource These are items for the Fall 2025 "Travel, Tourism, and Transmission of Knowledge in and around Japan" exhibit Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jinbutsu gafu 人物画譜 (Manual of Figure Painting) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ikeda Eisen 池田英泉 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Osaka: Matama Yasujirō Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://kuprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/137gs05/KU_VOYAGER10500078">B18407</a> https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/25cad93ca2ac7168393a725a9815317d.jpg eb0c053bd5435968f208ea415531b5ef Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 694 Height 1045 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Celebrating East Asian Studies Scholarship Description An account of the resource East Asian Studies Scholarship Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wheat, broad bean, and skylark Description An account of the resource Color woodblock print from Keinen Kacho Gafu Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Imao Keinen Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Keinen flower and bird picture book, vol. 1. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Art and Architecture Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1892 East Asian Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Celebrating East Asian Studies Scholarship Description An account of the resource East Asian Studies Scholarship Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spring, Flycatcher and blossoming cherry Description An account of the resource Color woodblock print from Keinen kachō gafu Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Imao Keinen Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Keinen Flower and Bird Picture Book), vol. 1. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Special Collections, Spencer Research Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1892 East Asian https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/9e663301c0fcef389a0abcffe6d22597.jpg 2342d3a0ecb2441f9b94b71056f04e81 https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/f846cd9808b1b549a78d8a0e1128974f.jpg f76d7c074ab01404a42ad5f9c87a26ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aging, Art, and Activism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource What's Worth Knowing & What's Worth Doing Description An account of the resource Collaborative poetry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Interdisciplinary Aging Practice classes of 2022 - 2024 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 - 2024 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Courtesy of the artists https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/d84af405bda0bcad0f8a33808ff5fde3.jpg 2ae640477034fd55f59df1aad1c7d203 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In the Shadow of Cortes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>El libro del ciuacoatl</em> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://catalog.lib.ku.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?bbid=1570054">G664</a> Description An account of the resource Facsimile (1991) of the <em>Codex Borbonicus</em>. Original manuscript at the Biblioth&egrave;que de l'Assembl&eacute;e Nationale, Paris. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Introduction and explanation by Ferdinand Anders, Maarten Jansen, and Luis Reyes García Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Madrid, España: Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt México: Fondo de Cultura Económica Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/files/original/b1bcad8eeb9eca66c1b6d3c71f840688.jpg f538c9a6b5ac8fb25ce2d6865f0d2e7e Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Poblacht na h Eireann. The Provisional Government of the Irish Republic to the People of Ireland</em> Description An account of the resource Reduced (half-size) facsimile of undetermined date Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ireland (Provisional Government, 1916)<br />Clarke, Thomas James, 1858-1916<br />Mac Diarmada, Sean, 1884-1916<br />Pearse, Padraic, 1879-1916<br />Connolly, James, 1868-1916<br />MacDonagh, Thomas, 1878-1916<br />Ceannt, Eamonn, 1882-1916<br />Plunkett, Joseph Mary, 1887-1916 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [Ireland: no publisher] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 or after Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://catalog.lib.ku.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?bbid=2628483%20 " target="_blank">O'Hegarty Q8</a>